Pancreatic endocrine hormones Essay

Energy, in the random variable of peag, is transported in the pedigree. It is carried throughout the body and into all cells to produce ATP. ATP is call for for all cellular activity of the body. It is essential that the blood can nourish the bodys fuel at a constant take (homeostasis) regard little of how long it has been since the last meal.There are three principal(prenominal) organs that regulate the control of blood sugar the pancreas, the liver and the adrenal gland glands. The pancreas produces hormones called insulin and glucagon. These hormones work antagonistically to maintain blood sugar levels that are uncomplete too low or too high. The adrenal gland plays a key function in making sure blood sugar levels are high enough. The liver helps with sugar metabolism by creating insulin sense organ sites.After a meal, insulin directs the flow of nutrients. This promotes fuel storage in the liver, fat tissue and in muscles. The flow of nutrients during self-denial is in fluenced by glucagon. Once animal starch stores are depleted, muscle protein is degraded, and amino acids are used for gluconeogenesis in the liver. Triglycerides stored in adipose tissue are broken down under the fasting condition.The concentration of glucose in the blood rises rapidly after the ingestion of glucose ( in a high carbohyd outrank meal). Insulin carries out its function and starts to bring blood glucose concentrations back down to normal, then this removes the stimulus that tells the beta cells to secrete the insulin in the first place. As a result, the beta cells become less and less stimulated and so the rate of secretion of insulin declines in parallel to the rate of decline in blood glucose concentration. This mechanism is referred to as negative feedback.

Adavantages and disadvantages of space tourism Essay

Tourism is a world all-encompassing popular trend . masses dear exploring different places by going to destinations which are alien to them. Their are various forms of tourism similar ecotourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism ete.. Recently, a impudently type of tourism was added to list. Namely lacuna tourism. It is just as the physique suggest going to space for various purposes akin leisure, business ete.. like a shot in this article I will look at the pros and cons of space tourism. One of the main merit of tourism is that it helps to develop economy. As we all know space tourism is a very wide pains hence it will open a path for many chore opportunities bringing a solution to the problem of jobless peck to a certain extent. Furthermore we will get to discover a wide variety of new things. We arsehole experience firsthand the beauty of comets, asteroids, stars and planets quite a than sightedness them by using a telescope, after all seeing with our own eyes have a different feel completely. In addition to this ,the future of tourism will flourish.When advanced technological inventions like space shuttles and such are use a visual sense of people will be attracted to this industry .This is very much true upright? Just imagine if we come across an event which we are not very familiar with then the tendency to learn it also grows. On the other hand, there are a lot of demerits of space tourism as well. situation tourism is quite a risky thing. No matter how developed we are if a catastrophe strikes in outer(prenominal) space we are not very likely to survive .moreover, it can be called simply a useless activity. Just for the mere delectation of the eye there is no need to spend so much.It is a squander of money and time Instead, if that same amount is given to the people who are suffering from famine and natural disasters, magnanimously we can demonstrate our world a better place for people of different standards. Space tourism is also affordable to a few. Even one shift to space takes over hundred thousand dollars. This results in different problems amidst the rich and poor .furthermore, it gives rise to a lot of environmental problems like global warming since a lot of non renewable sources are used in this industry. Space tourism is both a boon and outlaw .if it is carried out carefully then it will bring about lot of benefits and if it is not carries out carefully then get ready to impertinence the worst outcome.

Employed vs Self-Employed Essay

Many people put unrivaled over a variety of goals and declare(prenominal) preferences when it comes to employment. tour some people enjoy less stress, which comes from creation provided with an average stage business and beingness told what to do. Others would agree that self-employment is better. Being freelance is better than a nine to five job because it allows one to cost ones proclaim schedule and enjoy being able to achieve his own goals.First, being mercenary(a) allows people to score a wide window of flexibility. On the other hand, a normal nine to five job requires mployees to be at the office by a specific time and they ignore leave until they are told to do so. There are very harsh rules about the numbers of breaks employees may take and lunch hours must be taken within a specific time frame. Employees are wedded a certain amount of sick days and vacation. Employees are condition very little choices and must follow all of the rules. Violating rules may a llow for in verbal warning or even termination of employment. However, those that are self- utilize can make all of the decisions without risk of consequence.Being self-employed allows people to completely set heir own schedule and have control of their own work life. Second, being self-employed allows people to tenseness on achieving their own goals. When one is not self-employed, he must follow and complete the task given by his supervisor. If employees try to pursue their personal goals during working hours it will likely result in termination of their employment. Employers have very little regard for the goals of their employees their primary concern is their business.However, those that are self-employed are free to pursue whatever goal they inadequacy to achieve. If a specific task or rocess dose not fit what they have in mind the self-employed can immediately adapt or change to something that is more appropriate for them. In conclusion, People have a wide variety of employm ent preferences while some people want the safely of a regular paycheck, others prefer the freedom to pursue their own goals. It is better to be self-employed because of the additional flexibility to pursue ones own goals no matter what they may be. Being self- employed also allows a person to pursue his dreams and goals rather then being stressed at work, working paycheck to paycheck working below someone.

Impact of Technology Essay

Students in the early scotchs, from pre-K to grade 3, and in the middle crop grades appear to reach most from DES applications for reading instruction, as do savants with surplus reading ineluctably. In a 2000 dissect commissi integrityd by the Softw ar and Information Industry Association, Sivin-Kachala and Bialo (2000) reviewed 311 research studies on the military issueiveness of engine room on watch outer effect.Their adventureings revealed confirming and consistent patterns when bookmans were engaged in engineering science- luxuriant purlieus, including evidentiary gains and trans do in solely subject aras, increased exercise in pre take aim through high drill for twain regular and special claims scholars, and remediated attitudes toward demanding and increased self-esteem.ODwyer, Russell, Bebell, and Tucker-Seeley (2005) found that, darn autocratic for both prior achievement and socioeconomic stipulation, fourth-grade pupils who reported great absolute frequency of applied science enjoyment at school fourth dimensionho subprogram to edit papers were probable to bring in higher total English/ lyric arts running dozens and higher writing s middles on fourth grade test scores on the Massach usance of goods and servicestts Comprehensive Assessment establishment (MCAS) English/Language Arts test.Michigans Freedom to lift up (FTL) initiative, an effort to provide middle school scholarly persons and instructors with access to wireless laptop ready reckoners, has been credited with ameliorate grades, motivation and discipline in schoolrooms across the landed e call down, with one exemplary school deliberateing reading proficiency scores on the Michigan Education Assessment Program (MEAP) test, administered in January 2005, reportedly increase from 29 per centumage to 41 percent for s purgeth graders and from 31 to 63 percent for eighth graders (eSchool News, 2005).In examining large-scale state and matter st udies, as well as slightly innovative small(a)er studies on parvenuer disciplineal technologies, Schacter (1999) found that scholarly persons with access to any of a number of technologies ( much(prenominal) as computer assisted instruction, ruffled schooling systems, simulations and softw ar that teaches higher post opinion, cooperative net persisted technologies, or design and programming technologies) show positive gains in achievement on researcher constructed tests, govern tests, and national tests.Cavanaughs synthesis (2001) of 19 experimental and quasi-experimental studies of the military posture of interactive distance education utilise sceneconferencing and tele talks for K-12 donnishian achievement found a small positive effect in favor of distance education and more positive effect sizes for interactive distance education programs that combine an privateized come out with traditional classroom instruction.Boster, Meyer, Roberto, Inge (2002) make outd the consolidation of hackneyeds-establish tv set clips into lessons stupefyed by classroom instructors and found increases student achievement. The study of more than 1,400 elementary and middle school students in tierce Virginia school dominions showed an average increase in nurture for students exposed to the video clip application comp ard to students who received traditional instruction alone. Wenglinsky (1998) noned that for fourth- and eighth-graders engine room has positive benefits on achievement as measured in NAEPs mathematics test.Interestingly, Wenglinsky found that victimisation computers to teach low order thinking skills, such as drill and commit, had a negative furbish up on academic achievement, spell victimisation computers to solve simulations saw their students math scores increase signifi erecttly. Hiebert (1999) raised a similar point. When students over-practice procedures before they understand them, they have more difficulty making sense of th em later however, they enkindle learn forward-looking concepts and skills while they be solving problems. In a study that examined birth between computer use and students science achievement ground on selective predicateation from a standardized estimation,Papanastasiou, Zemblyas, & vitamin A Vrasidas (2003) found it is not the computer use itself that has a positive or negative effect on achievement of students, but the sort in which computers be used. look intoers atomic number 18 likewise making progress on the more complicated caper of investigating the impact of engine room use on higher order thinking skills as measured through means early(a) than standardized tests. They ar examining students ability to understand composite computer programt phenomena, snap and synthesize eight-fold sources of reading, and build representations of their suffer k immediatelyledge.At the similar period, roughly researchers are craft for smarter standardized sagaci ousnesss that emphasize the ability to access, interpret, and synthesize information. look indicates that computer engineering plunder assist nurture learning and is especially useful in developing the higher-order skills of critical thinking, analysis, and scientific inquiry by engaging students in authentic, complex capers within collaborative learning con textual matters (Roschelle, Pea, Hoadley, Gordin Means, 2000 Means, et. al. , 1993).While research linking engineering integration, inquiry-based inform, and emphasis on problem solving with student achievement is emergent, some research exists that suggests a connection. In a 2001 study of Enhancing Missouris Instructional Networked Teaching Strategies (eMints) program, a statewide engineering integration initiative, eMINTS students scored consistently higher on the Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) than non-eMINTS students, including eMINTS students classified as having special needs. The higher MAP results were foun d to be associated with the instructional practices (Evaluation squad Policy Brief, 2002).The eMINTS program provides teachers with master key culture to help integrate engine room so that they fag use inquiry-based teaching and emphasize critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. The program has since expand to not solitary(prenominal) Missouri schools and districts but also other states as well. Currently, 232 Missouri districts, 10 Utah districts, 56 Maine districts, 2 Nevada districts, and 1 Illinois district, representing 1,000 classrooms and 22,500 students straight take advantage of the eMINTS program darkerings.Test results continue to show that, on most state tests, students enrolled in eMINTS classrooms scored higher than students enrolled in non-eMINTS classrooms and that low-income and special education students in eMINTS classes generally score higher than their non-eMINTS peers (eMINTS, 2005). Results from other studies (Perez-Prado and Thirunarayanan 2002 Cooper 2001 Smith, Ferguson and Caris 2001) also suggest that students cigarette benefit from engine room- heighten collaborative learning methods and the interactive learning ferment.Roschelle, Pea, Hoadley, Gordin, &type A Means (2000) identify four fundamental characteristics of how applied science can enhance both what and how children learn in the classroom (1) active engagement, (2) employment in groups, (3) frequent interaction and feedback, and (4) connections to strong-world contexts. They also indicate that use of engineering is more effectual as a learning tool when embed in a bighearteder education reform movement that includes proceedss in teacher readying, curriculum, student discernment, and a schools capa city for win over. backward To purloin FACTORS TO CONSIDER Inclusion Reaching All Students A major headache of many educators with regard to educational engineering science is its potential to exclude those who whitethorn not have access to it, or may not be able to use it. Regardless of what research may indicate concerning positive effects of applied science on student learning, engine room impart be of limited use in achieving the goals of NCLB if is not available to all students. Students at Risk.Research demonstrates that the challenge of helping teachers and students achieve ICT literacy, and the challenge of establishing frameworks for assessing their skills, is most penetrating in schools serving low-socioeconomic, minority students (Becker, 2000b Becker Ravitz, 1997). While public debate intimately the digital divide centers on basic engineering access, the gap is scour wider when measured by the pedagogical practices associated with engine room use in conglomerate schools. More than half (53%) of teachers in public schools who have computers use them or the profit for instruction during class.But in schools whose students are from higher-income families, 61 percent of teachers with computers use them in class compared to 50 percent of those teaching in schools with lower-income students (Lenhart, Rainie Lewis, 2001). And as wired as many young people are, the same study that found 87 percent of young people use the cyberspace also found that 3 one thousand thousand remain without Internet access. Many of those without access come from financially disadvantaged backgrounds, and a disproportional number are black (eSchool News, 2005a).Schools serving students living in penury tend to use technology for more traditional memory-based and remedial activities, while schools serving wealthier communities are more likely to tension on communication and express mailion. A nationwide study examining the resemblanceship between socioeconomic status and teaching practices around technology found that teaching in low-SES schools gibe most strongly with using technology for reinforcement of skills and remediation of skills, while teaching in higher-SES schools correlated most with analyz ing information and presenting information to an auditory modality (Becker, 2000b).At the same time, although less studied than other outcomes, demonstration efforts and anecdotical evidence suggest that teaching ICT literacy skills ( particularisedally those related to multimedia literacy in Web, make and video production) can break the economic prospects of at- essay youth by self-aggrandizing them marketable skills (Lau Lazarus, 2002). Back To moderate Language Learners. Likewise, in teaching speech learners, using technology has distinct advantages that relate not only to dustup education but preparing students for to solar days information society.Computer technologies and the Internet are powerful tools for assisting speech teaching because Web technology is a part of todays social fabric, meaning language learners can now learn thorough writing e-mail and conducting online research (Wang, 2005). In Oregon secondary schools, wirelessly networked note taking is used t o support Hispanic migrant students who speak English as a second language (ESL).As part of the InTime project, ESL students attend regular high school classes on with a bilingual, note-taking/mentoring partner. Note takers and students communicate using a collaborative discussion actioning and graphics package on wirelessly networked laptop computers. During class presentations, ESL students can read their note takers translation of key words, allowing students to build both English and Spanish literacy skills as they advance academically (Knox and Anderson-Inman, 2001). Students with Disabilities. For several decades, the American educational system has taken a narrow view of special education, treating it as a mini-school within the school where teachers, largely cut off from the rest of the staff, faced a group of students with an incredibly wide strand of abilities and disabilities and made the outperform of it. Today, that view of special education is giving fashion to a broader, more philosophical approachan approach designed to waver inclusive practices into the fabric of the whole-school environment. (MOSAIC, 2000a).The teddy in recognizing the needs of students with disabilities in relationship to their general education peers began with the 1997 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. in the introductory place the law, many children with disabilities who were not in schools at all because schools had chosen to exclude them (MOSAIC, 2000b). IDEA displacely schematic that all students with disabilities have the right to public education. More than 6 million children with disabilities ages 3 to 21 years old are served in federally supported programs (Snyder & Tan, 2005).However, students with disabilities frequently experience insufficient access to and conquest in the general education curriculum. This is especially true for adolescent learners, even non-disabled students, who must(prenominal) cope with the em phasis on learning from text (Biancarosa & Snow, 2004 Kamil, 2003). Universal Design for development (UDL) takes advantage of the opportunity brought by apace evolving communication technologies to hold flexible teaching methods and curriculum materials that can match diverse learners and improve student access to the general education curriculum ( move up & Meyer, 2002).UDL assumes that students bring contrasting needs and skills to the task of learning, and the learning environment should be designed to both accommodate, and make use of, these differences (Bowe 2000 Rose & Meyer, 2002). To upraise alter access to the general curriculum for all learners, including learners with disabilities, Rose & Meyer (2002) have identified three key principles or guidelines for UDL Presenting information in multiple formats and multiple media. Offering students with multiple substances to express and demonstrate what they have learned.Providing multiple entry points to enga ge student occupy and motivate learning. For pillow slip, printed reading materials pose substantial challenges to the learning of students with disabilities (J. Zorfass personal communication, October 2005). applied science can assist with such difficulties by modify a prisonbreak from printed text to electronic text, which Anderson-Inman and Reinking (1998) assert can be modified, enhanced, programmed, linked, searched, collapsed, and collaborative.Text styles and font sizes can be modified as needed by readers with opthalmic disabilities read aloud by a computer-based text-to-speech translators and integrated with illustrations, videos, and audio. Electronic text affords alternative formats for reading materials that can be customized to match learner needs, can be structured in ship canal that scaffold the learning process and expand both physical and cognitive access, and can foster new modes of expression through revision and multimedia (J.Zorfass personal communication , October 2005). It represents one way that technology can support the achievement of students with disabilities. applied science also has a function to play in the scrutiny of students with disabilities. A notable commencement of NCLB is the legislations mandatory requirement that states account for individual subgroups, which has get on challenged schools and districts to acknowledge students with disabilities (McLaughlin, S Embler, K Nagle, 2004 Nagle, 2005).State academic mental ability and achievement standards now define the goals of education for all students, and most students with disabilities are now expected to reach the same level of proficiency as their non-disabled peers. In order to crack that disabilities do not prevent students from participating in standardized assessments, students with disabilities are entitled to take these tests in the same way as their peers, with accommodations, or with an alternate assessment (Thompson, Thurlow, Moore, 2003).These ac commodations or alternatives must not alter the content standard being measured nor the achievement standard (McLaughlin, Embler Nagle, 2004). While technology can support such accommodations and alternatives, striking a balance between accommodation and standardization across all students testing experiences remains a subject of debate today (Murray, 2005). Back To big top educational applied science and Data Driven Decision MakingThe potentness of educational technology on student learning depends not only on what outcomes are targeted and how the technology is integrated into instruction, but also on how teachers assess student slaying in classrooms and adjust instruction accordingly. Technology asserts teachers a broad range of tools to collect and analyze selective information, and richer sets of student entropy to guide instructional decisions.NCLB has prompted educators to think much more opinionatedally close to educational decision-making and the use of data to in form their decisions some(predicate) eitherthing from resource tryst to instructional practice. Schools are now expected to monitor their efforts to enable all students to achieve, and administrators and teachers are now expected to be prepared to use data to understand where students are academically and to establish targeted, responsive, and flexible ways to improve this academic standing (Mitchell, Lee, & Herman, 2000, p. 2). However, condescension encouragement at the form _or_ system of government level, in that location is growing consensus that schools are not adequately prepared for the task of routinely thinking critically about the relationships between instructional practices and student outcomes (Confrey & Makar, 2005 Olsen, 2003 Hammerman & Rubin, 2002 Herman & Gribbons, 2001 Kearns & Harvey, 2000).Recent research conducted by EDCs Center for Children and Technology has found that educators working at different levels of a school system have distin ctive intuitive approaches to the process, despite the absence of systematic training in a particular approach to data-driven decision-making. For example, school administrators use high-stakes test data to allocate resources and plan professional victimization and other kinds of targeted intervention activities by identifying general patterns of performance, class-, grade-, and school-wide strengths and weaknesses.Teachers tend to use multiple sources of datahomework assignments, in-class tests, classroom performances, and experiential informationto inform their thinking about their students strengths and weaknesses (Brunner, Fasca, Heinze, Honey, Light, Mandinach Wexler, 2005 Light, Wexler Heinze, 2004 Honey, Brunner, Light, Kim, McDermott, Heinze, Bereiter Mandinach, 2002).While drawing on varied sources of data to form opinions about students competencies is not new way for teachers, significant research (Mandinach, Honey, Light, Heinze, & Rivas, 2005 Confrey & Makar, 2002, 2005 Hammerman, & Rubin, 2002, 2003) suggests that teachers examine factors that contribute to individual patterns of conduct and think case-by-case, rather than identify patterns in data at different levels of aggregation, from student-to-student, class-to-class, and year-to-year, and systematically analyze the relationship between student performance and instructional strategies and materials.Data literacythe ability of instructional leaders and teachers to work individually and conjointly to examine outcomes-based achievement data, formative assessment measures of student performance, and students work products, and to develop strategies for improvement based on these datais now widely know as a critical dodge in the academic performance of schools (Fullan, 1999 Haycock, 2001 Johnson, 1996 Love, 2004 Schmoker, 1999 Zalles, 2005).A key concept of data literacy is generating only the data that are needed and making full use of whats lay in. The depicted object Research Council (1996) notes that, far too often, more educational data are collected and analyzed than are used to make decisions or take action (p. 90). Those resources become meaningful to educators only when they are transformed into information, and ultimately into operative or actionable knowledge (Mandinach & Honey, 2005).Taken as a whole, the emerging research in this area suggests that what is needed is a comprehensive examination and purposeful approach to the use of data that not only informs the practices of individual teachers, but is supported as an essential and strategic part of school-wide improvement strategies. New professional growing programs are now training teachers and school leaders in how to make use of data in systematic and rigorous ways to continuously improve student performance.For example, TERC has created Using Data, a professional victimization baffle that introduces teachers to a process through which they learn to frame questions, collect data, fo rmulate hypotheses, draw conclusions, take action, and monitor results (Love, 2002). precedent studies have indicated that this model has had an impact on teacher classroom behavior and on their approach to data analysis and interpretation (Love, 2004), and has also improved student learning as indicated by state and formative assessments (Zuman, 2005).Results from outside evaluations of the intervention conducted in various locations have shown substantial gains in student performance on state accountability measures in the areas of math and language arts. Technology has a vital role to play in enabling data-driven decision-making. Web-based test data reporting systems provide an interface to the state and city testing results by organizing raw data into information that is aligned with state standards and mobile computing devices, such as handhelds, provide teachers with a platform to administer and analyze the data of classroom-based assessments.For example, according to the 2004 Quality Education Data, 55 percent of the nations public school districts used PDAs or handheld PCs in the 2002-2003 school year with an additional 8 percent expected to purchase them for use during the 2003-2004 school year. The numbers released by radio set Generation, a for-profit company that designs educational assessment applications for handheld devices, suggests an even greater increase. During the fall of 2005, Wireless estimates that roughly 80,000 teachers, working in 48 states will be using their software to collect and analyze data for up to one million students in pre-K through sixth grade.The company presently has contracts with ten Reading First states, as well as with some of the largest school districts in the nation, including the New York City Board of Education and dinero Public Schools. While using PDAs to administer assessments and view data are becoming increasingly popular, few studies have examined the effect they have on teacher practice and studen t achievement (Brunner Honey, 2001 Hupert, Martin, Heinze, Kanaya, Perez, 2004 Sharp Risko, 2003 Sharp, 2004).Studies that have begun to examine this trend suggest that that these tools assist teachers in thinking more substantively about students progress. As a whole, the research indicates that the single most powerful affordance of the technology is its ability to support teachers in using assessments to acquire information about students thinking and learning, and to use the understanding gained to further shape their instructional practice (Brunner Honey, 2001 Hupert et al. , 2004 Sharp Risko, 2003).Such a strategy places assessment squarely in the center of the classroom where it can potentially count the most. Back To trespass The Complex Nature of Change Another factor influencing the impact of technology on student achievement is that changes in classroom technologies correlate to changes in other educational factors as well. Originally the determination of student ac hievement was based on traditional methods of social scientific investigation it asked whether there was a specific, causal relationship between one thingtechnologyand anotherstudent achievement.Because schools are complex social environments, however, it is impossible to change just one thing at a time (Glennan Melmed, 1996 Hawkins, Panush, Spielvogel, 1996 Newman, 1990). If a new technology is introduced into a classroom, other things also change. For example, teachers perceptions of their students capabilities can shift dramatically when technology is integrated into the classroom (Honey, Chang, Light, Moeller, in press). Also, teachers frequently find themselves acting more as coaches and less as lecturers (Henriquez Riconscente, 1998).Another example is that use of technology tends to foster collaboration among students, which in turn may have a positive effect on student achievement (Tinzmann, 1998). Because the technology becomes part of a complex network of changes, its i mpact cannot be reduced to a simple cause-and-effect model that would provide a definitive answer to how it has improved student achievement. Back To Top IMPLICATIONS These findings have implications for every district and school using or formulation to use technology.Research on successfully developing, evaluating, studying, and implementing a wide range of technology-based educational programs suggests that the regard as of technology for students will not be realized unless attention is salaried to several outstanding considerations that support the effective use of technology (ISTE, 2002 Byrom Bingham, 2001 Chang, Henriquez, Honey, Light, Moeller, Ross, 1998 Cradler, 1997 Frederiksen White, 1997 Hawkins, Panush, Spielvogel, 1996 Honey, McMillan, Tsikalas, Light, 1996 National Foundation for the Improvement of Education, 1996 Pea Gomez, 1992).These considerations are Specific educational goals and a vision of learning through technology Ongoing professional development Structural changes in the school day A robust skilful infrastructure and technical support Ongoing evaluation Back To Top 1. Educational Goals and a Vision of Learning Through Technology Before technology is purchased or teachers participate in their first professional development session, the educational goals for students should be determined. What do students need to learn, and how can technology promote those learning goals?To answer these questions, the school can convene a technology provision team comprising administrators, teachers, other instructional staff, technology coordinators, students, parents, and representatives of the fraternity. This team first develops a derive set of goals, expectations, and criteria for student learning based on national and state standards, the student population, and community concerns. Next, it determines the types of technology that will best support efforts to meet those goals. The viewpoints of parents and community members are help ful in presenting a broader perspective of skills that students need to succeed after school.In fact, communitywide involvement in determining the schools technology goals benefits the entire educational process (Byrom & Bingham, 2001 Panel on Educational Technology, 1997). Rather than using technology for technologys sake, the planning team ensures that particular educational objectives are achieved more efficiently, in more depth, or with more flexibility through technology. Cuban (cited in Trotter, 1998) states, The obligation is for educators, practitioners, and educational policymakers to think about what they are after.Only with clear goals can educators be intelligent about how much they want to spend for what purpose and under what conditions. If there is a clear understanding of the purpose of and type of technology used, evaluating the impact is easier and more valuable. jibe to Hawkins, Panush, and Spielvogel (1996) and Byrom Bingham (2001), school districts that su ccessfully integrate technology show a clear and meaningful connection between technology and larger educational goals. Next, the planning team develops a vision of how technology can improve teaching and learning.Without a vision, closeing school improvement is almost impossible (Byrom Bingham, 2001). aggroup members come to consensus in answering the question How Will You determination Technology to Support Your Vision of Learning? Essential to this vision is an emphasis on meaningful, engaged learning with technology, in which students are actively involved in the learning process. Educational technology is less effective when the learning objectives are unclear and the focus of the technology use is diffuse (Schacter, 1999).The schools vision of learning through technology also emphasizes the importance of all students having equitable access and use of technologyfemales, special-needs students, minority students, disadvantaged students, students at risk of educational failu re, rural and inner-city students. All students need opportunities to use technology in meaningful, authentic tasks that develop higher-order thinking skills. (For further information, refer to the slender Issue Ensuring Equitable Use of Education Technology. ) Back To Top 2. professed(prenominal) cultivation by and by the educational goals and vision of learning through technology have been determined, it is important to provide professional development to teachers to help them withdraw the most charm technologies and instructional strategies to meet these goals. Students cannot be expected to benefit from technology if their teachers are neither familiar nor comfortable with it. Teachers need to be supported in their efforts to use technology.The primary reason teachers do not use technology in their classrooms is a lack of experience with the technology (Wenglinsky, 1998 Rosen & Weil, 1995). Wenglinsky (cited in Archer, 1998) found that teachers who had received professi onal development with computers during the last five years were more likely to use computers in effective ways than those who had not participated in such training. Yet teacher induction programs too often focus narrowly on helping new teachers survive the initial year (Fulton, Yoon, & Lee, 2005).Ongoing professional development is necessary to help teachers learn not only how to use new technology but also how to provide meaningful instruction and activities using technology in the classroom (Ringstaff & Kelley, 2002). Teachers must be offered training in using computers, notes Sulla (1999), but their training must go beyond that to the instructional strategies needed to infuse technological skills into the learning process. In successful projects, teachers are provided with ongoing professional development on working applications of technology.Teachers cannot be expected to learn how to use educational technology in their teaching after a one-time workshop. Teachers need in-depth, sustained assistance not only in the use of the technology but in their efforts to integrate technology into the curriculum (Kanaya & Light, 2005). Teachers also need embedded opportunities for professional learning and collaborating with colleagues in order to overcome the barrier of time and teachers passing(a) agendas (The National Council of Staff Development, 2001 Kanaya Light, 2005).Skills training becomes peripheral to alternative forms of ongoing support that addresses a range of issues, including teachers ever-changing practices and curricula, new technologies and other new resources, and changing assessment practices. This time spent ensuring that teachers are using technology to enrich their students learning experiences is an important piece in determining the value of technology to their students. According to Soloway (cited in Archer, 1998), teachers always have been the key to determining the impact of innovations, and this situation also is true of tec hnology.Besides pedagogical support to help students use technology to reach learning goals, teachers also need time to become familiar with available products, software, and online resources. They also need time to discuss technology use with other teachers. Transforming schools into 21st century learning communities means recognizing that teachers must become members of a growing network of divisiond expertness (Fulton, Yoon, Lee, 2005). Professional collaboration includes communicating with educators in similar situations and others who have experience with technology (Panel on Educational Technology, 1997).This activity can be do in face-to-face meetings or by using technology such as e-mail or videoconferencing. The effects of introducing technology on teacher professionalization include increased collaboration among teachers within a school and increased interaction with external collaborators and resources. Back To Top 3. Structural Changes in the School Day It is importan t to build time into the daily schedule allowing teachers time to collaborate and to work with their students. sedulous learning through technology is best supported by changes in the structure of the school day, including agelong class periods and more allowance for team teaching and interdisciplinary work. For example, when students are working on long-term research projects for which they are making use of online resources (such as artwork, scientific data sets, or historical documents), they may need more than a daily 30- or 40-minute period to find, explore, and synthesize these materials for their research.As schools continue to acquire more technology for student use and as teachers are able to find more ways to incorporate technology into their instruction, the problem will no longer be not becoming computers but not enough time (Becker, 1994). Back To Top 4. good Infrastructure and Support Increased use of technology in the school requires a robust technical infrastruct ure and adequate technical support. If teachers are working with a technology infrastructure that realistically cannot support the work they are trying to do, they will become frustrated.School districts have a responsibility to create not only nominal access to computers and electronic networks but access that is robust enough to support the kinds of use that can make a real difference in the classroom. Teachers also must have access to on-site technical support personnel who are responsible for troubleshooting and assistance after the technology and lessons are in place. Back To Top 5. Evaluation Ongoing evaluation of technology applications and student achievement, based on the overall educational goals that were decided on, helps to ensure that he technology is appropriate, adaptable, and useful. Such evaluation also facilitates change if learning goals are not being met. Administrators can acknowledge and recognize incremental improvements in student outcomes as well as change s in teachers curricula and practices. Gradual progress, rather than emergent transformation, is more likely to result in long-term change. Baker (1999) emphasizes that at any rate being a means to collect, interpret, and document findings, evaluation is a planning tool that should be considered at the beginning of any technology innovation.She adds that the overall focus of evaluation is student learning. Heinecke, Blasi, Milman, and Washington (1999) note that multiple decimal and qualitative evaluation measures may be necessary to document student learning outcomes. To ensure that evaluation procedures are adequately designed and carried out, administrators and teachers may wish to consult evaluation sources such as An Educators hunt down to Evaluating the Use of Technology in Schools and Classrooms. All of these issues are important in using technology to improve student achievement.Educational technology is not, and never will be, transformative on its own. But when decisio ns are made strategically with these factors in mind, technology can play a critical role in creating new circumstances and opportunities for learning that can be rich and exciting. At its best, technology can facilitate deep exploration and integration of information, high-level thinking, and profound engagement by allowing students to design, explore, experiment, access information, and model complex phenomena, note Goldman, Cole, and Syer (1999).These new circumstances and opportunitiesnot the technology on its owncan have a direct and meaningful impact on student achievement. When educators use the accumulating knowledge regarding the circumstances under which technology supports the broad definition of student achievement, they will be able to make certified choices about what technologies will best meet the particular needs of specific schools or districts. They also will be able to ensure that teachers, parents, students, and community members nderstand what role technology is playing in a school or district and how its impact is being evaluated. Finally, they will be able to vindicate the investments made in technology. To help states, school districts, and school personnel plan ways to measure the impact that technology is having on classroom practices and academic achievement, Dirr (2004) in partnership with the Appalachian Technology in Education pond and the Mid-Atlantic regional Technology in Education Consortium, identified the hobby evaluation strategiesEncourage SEAs and LEAs to set aside 10 percent to 15 percent of funds to evaluate their technology grants. Provide a model comprehensive plan for states and districts to consider as they design their own evaluation plans to include a statement of purpose, identifies clear objectives, demonstrates valid approaches to research design, and specifies appropriate time frames for analysis and reporting. Support efforts to develop shared instruments and sets of common data elements.Develop a databa se of best practices for technology programs and applications that have shown to support student achievement in scientifically based research studies. Develop a list of highly qualified researchers and evaluators from whom SEAs and LEAs can obtain guidance. Explore the development of validated instruments that could be shared across states. Back To Top fulfil OPTIONS Administrators, the technology planning team, and teachers can take the following steps to improve student achievement through technology.Administrators and the Planning Team (comprising teacher representatives, technology coordinator, students, parents, and interested community members) Review a range of national and state educational standards for student learning (such as those listed in Developing Educational Standards). Seek out content standards that articulate the goals for students to achieve. Determine key aspects of national and state student learning standards for the school or district to focus on as educat ional goals. Involve teachers in this process to ensure that their expertise and opinions are considered.Charge cross-disciplinary groups of teachers and technology coordinators with finding new ways that technology can help students to achieve those learning goals. Collaborate to create a technology plan for the school. (Refer to the Critical Issue Developing a School or District Technology Plan. ) Set one-, three-, and five-year goals for improving student learning through technology. bring out specific curricula, practices, skills, attitudes, and policies that can be enhanced through the use of technology to foster significant improvement in the character and quality of student learning. For example, if the district is interested in improving students writing performance, word processing with an emphasis on revision and edit should become a salient part of the curriculum across disciplines. ) Identify classrooms in the district where students are already producing exemplary wor k using technology or visit virtual classrooms by viewing CD-ROMs (such as the Captured Wisdom CD-ROM Library produced by the North Central Regional Technology in Education Consortium), videotapes of echnology use in schools (such as the Learning With Technology videotapes), or Internet sites relating to technology integration in content areas (such as lessons using the Amazing Picture Machine and the Handbook of tenanted Learning Projects). Build a database or other resource that allows the school to share these best practices with school staff and the community in general. Be aware of state technology plans, district technology plans, and related policies. look into that the school is in compliance.Become familiar with factors that affect the effective use of technology for teaching and learning. Learn about research studies conducted in real school settings that describe how technology use is influenced by teachers experience with technology, enough of release time, profession al development opportunities, and length of class periods. hear that teachers are aware of the value of technology for all students, especially those considered at risk of educational failure. (Refer to the Critical Issue Using Technology to Enhance Engaged Learning for At-Risk Students. )Ensure that all students have equitable access to effective uses of technology. Develop strategies for addressing access inequities, strategies for addressing type-of-use inequities, and strategies for addressing curriculum inequities. Provide ongoing, extensive, and research-based professional development opportunities and technical support to help teachers use technology to develop meaningful instructional strategies for students. (Refer to the Critical Issues Realizing New Learning for All Students Through Professional Development and acknowledgeing Time for Professional Development. ) Ensure that new, research-based approaches to professional development are consistent with the National Staff Development Council (NSDC) standards for staff development. Provide incentives, structures, and time for teachers to participate in highly effective staff development (such as study groups and action research) to help them integrate technology into their teaching and learning. Find ways to make appropriate structural changes in the school day and class scheduling to support engaged learning with technology. Consider clog scheduling as a possibility.Educate parents about new assessment methods that enable teachers and administrators to make judgments about the effectiveness of technology in supporting(a) student learning. Use appropriate evaluation procedures and tools to determine the impact of technology use on student achievement based on the learning goals that were set. Consult evaluation sources such as An Educators Guide to Evaluating the Use of Technology in Schools and Classrooms. Share findings with the community. Teachers Determine the purpose of using technology in the classroom, as determined by the specified educational goals.Is it used to support inquiry, enhance communication, extend access to resources, guide students to analyze and visualize data, enable product development, or encourage expression of ideas? After the purpose is determined, select the appropriate technology and develop the curricula. Create a plan for evaluating students work and assessing the impact of the technology. Coordinate technology implementation efforts with core learning goals, such as improving students writing skills, reading comprehension, mathematical reasoning, and problem-solving skills.Collaborate with colleagues to design curricula that involve students in meaningful learning activities in which technology is used for research, data analysis, synthesis, and communication. Promote the use of learning circles, which offer opportunities for students to exchange ideas with other students, teachers, and professionals across the world. Encourage students to br oaden their horizons with technology by means of global connections, electronic visualization, electronic field trips, and online research and publishing.Ensure that students have equitable access to various technologies (such as presentation software, video production, Web page production, word processing, modeling software, and desktop publishing software) to produce projects that demonstrate what they have learned in particular areas of the curriculum. Encourage students to collaborate on projects and to use peer assessment to critique each others work. In addition to standardized tests, use alternative assessment strategies that are based on students performance of authentic tasks.One strategy is to help students develop electronic portfolios of their work to be used for assessment purposes. Ensure that technology-rich student products can be evaluated directly in relation to the goals for student outcomes, rather than according to students level of skill with the technology. Cr eate opportunities for students to share their work publiclythrough performances, public service, open houses, science fairs, and videos. Use these occasions to inform parents and community members of the kinds of learning outcomes the school is providing for students.Learn how various technologies are used today in the world of work, and help students see the value of technology applications. (Pertinent online information can be found in the 1998-99 Occupational Outlook Handbook and the Bureau of Labor Statistics Career Information. ) go into in professional development activities to gain experience with various types of educational technology and learn how to integrate this technology into the curriculum. Use technology (such as an e-mail list) to connect with other teachers outside the school or district and compare successful strategies for teaching with technology.

Quality Improvement Plan Essay

executive director Summarybattle of battle of battle of battle of Chattanooga C ars is a privately owned, non-for-profit human immunodeficiency virus/ aid clinic primed(p) in downtown Chattanooga. Owned and operated by Dr. Jay Sizemore, it was founded in December 2003 to raise medical needs for the low take to heartd human immunodeficiency virus positive tolerants in Chattanooga, Tennessee and 22 meet counties. Although its supply is sm all in all, consisting of a full- clip work force of less(prenominal) than 30, they serve their community by offering aid testing, counseling, HIV discussion juts, and economic aid with employment, housing, transportation, and childc ar. Chattanooga C bes has one very important goal cut back the takes of infirmity in HIV/ support unhurrieds. Therefore, the management team has designed a step Improvement Plan to tackle this goal. This aspiration has two components the off sterilize concerns itself with the upbringing of the commu nity, and the second revolves around reducing the levels of sickness in already affected long-sufferings.Implementation begins with programme line of the supply in aras of HIV/ aid protection, treatment, and counseling. Outreach programs, taught by the lag, testament be offered to guide the community in assist aw beness. selective reading collection machines such as patient trailing ashes and disease special(prenominal) shine charts result be utilized to inspect the efficientness of the program. The plan-do-study-act approach to collecting data, monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting entrust be utilize to moderate that constant changes fundament be made to reach our goals. Chattanooga Cares result use competitive benchmarking to determine if their levels of sickness are in agate line with different clinics in the area. Finally, each person leave behind compile his set of data and report to the management team for evaluation of the plan. The team give use th e knowledge collected to make adjustments going forward. This collaboration will be completed on a monthly, quarterly, and annually basis.Chattanooga Cares shade Improvement PlanQuality avail butt jointnot be apparatused with extinct pose the performance standards requisite to determine how improvement can succeed. Chattanooga Cares, a non-profit HIV/AIDS clinic, understructures its tone improvement plan around the consumers of their services. Chattanooga Cares is a privately-owned AIDS and sexually transmitted disease clinic in downtown Chattanooga, Tennessee. It consists of a small staff of medical personnel, counselors, administrative staff, and volunteers. The staff offers HIV/AIDS testing, medical treatment plans, counseling, life coaching, and economic assistance through with(predicate) and through with(predicate) various housing, child superintend, and financial institutions. The clinic derives its funding from government grants and community fund-raising events.C hattanooga Cares (2013) legation statement is, Our focus is AIDS education, prevention and support for all mass affected by HIV (About Us). Since the patient, and the patients network of friends and family, are the central elements in Chattanooga Cares mission statement, the role of the patient is inherent in tint improvement plans. There are few goals that do not involve the client. Although the clinic is privately-owned, it proudly displays its goals to the public. Because of its grant touch, the treatment center moldiness supply statistical information to the governmental agencies that provide the grants. All this information is quick available to the clients that consume their services.Goals and ObjectivesSome of the quality improvement goals of Chattanooga Cares are reducing the number of unfermented patients infected by AIDS each year lowering the economic hardships on their clients maximizing dexterity and cost tellingness deep down the office and increasing genti lity and education of staff. The clients play a major role in what performance standards are chosen. A few of the quality indicators that consumers use in regard to Chattanooga Cares are wellness outcomes and length of survival rates, screening and treatment frequencies, and blessedness evaluations. Using feedback from stakeholders effects the way in which future services are conducted and funding is attained. In order to begin a quality improvement plan, certain quality performance standards need to be determined to appraise the levels of improvement. Performance standards concern themselves within a wellness wield organization.Palmer (1997) suggests that clinicians must(prenominal)iness set performance standards on their individual practices and offer feedback to wellness care authorities. Two examples of these standards are defining the rate of re-admittance after completing a procedure and setting a limit for number of patients seen daily. Once the standards are determi ned and goals are set, compilation of everything is developed into the quality improvement plan. The quality improvement plan is the all-encompassing strategy while the performance standards are the steps needed to carry out it.Scope, Description, and Quality Improvement ActivitiesThe first circumstances of the improvement goal of Chattanooga Cares is one of reducing the genuine levels of HIV/AIDS in the 23 counties the organization serves (Chattanooga Cares, 2013). By reducing the number of nation affected by the disease, the overall health status of the community will improve and the economic effect on the health care ashes will be positive. Since 65% of current patients (Chattanooga Cares, 2013) cannot currently obtain health insurance due to their health status, a decline in the infected population will mean less public monies are needed to support the health care of the impoverished population infected by the AIDS disease.The lift out outcome of ambit this goal is a sup pression of the AIDS infected population. Education in the community improves the knowledge base of the community as they learn the find factors of AIDS contraction and hopefully use that wisdom to make wiser choices in sexual partners and intravenous drug usage. Through careful management of current patients progress, the team at Chattanooga Cares can evaluate and adjust the health regimen and assure that proper techniques and medication are being used.Data Collection ToolsThe main goal of Chattanooga Cares revolves around reducing the level of sickness in patients. The data needed are bring in patient progress through the treatment process, and current information of HIV/AIDS manifestation and control. Following patient progress is achieved through the usage of a reminder tracking system. As soon as a new patient is entered into the electronic medical records of the clinic, a tracking system instantaneously forms to trace the medical journey of the client (Hashim, Prinsloo, &am p Mirza, 2013). The system sends out emails, automated phone messages, or texts to patients reminding them of doctor and counseling appointments. It prompts the possibility coach to contact the patient personally and ask them questions about their general health, reception to medication, mental state, and other factors such as housing, employment, and childcare status. By entranceway information into the tracking system, adjustments can be made to assure that the patient does not degrade in physical and mental health status.This tool can help prolong the lifespan of the patient and help them work over better. Over long periods of time, as a patient has developed an potent health regimen, the system stills tracks their progress and reminds the case manager to touch base from time to time. The strengths of this system are that a patient does not redact out of the program and their health status is continually monitored and improved upon. The failing is that the ongoing inf ormation must be entered into the system to be effective if the staff is too busy or forgets to chase up, then the health of the patient may be compromised. The measurement and display of this tool could be shown through weekly reports which show the number of patients whose contact reminders have not been completed.The last data tool used to track current information on HIV/AIDS is a disease specific ascend sheet (Hashim, Prinsloo, & Mirza, 2013). This chart contains information on the steps needed to test and treat people affected by HIV/AIDS. It allows clinicians to follow a prescribed traverse of medication and counseling for patients and permits changes in the course of health management. The benefits of using this flow chart is that treatment is spelled out for well-nigh every type of AIDS related illnesses and gives doctors a reference to follow. The all detriment is that the clinic must make sure to have current flow sheets which show new drugs and regimens for patie nts. If the clinicians are using outdated materials, then best practices are not being put to use.Quality Improvement Processes and methodologyThe plan-do-study-act (PDSA) approach to quality improvements is one of small cyclical changes between processes and outcomes. It focuses on making little changes instead of large, broad strokes that can some times be too large to tackle at one time. Hughes stated (2008) that the use of PDSA is one that tries to establish a functional or causal relationship between changes in processes (specifically behaviors and capabilities) and outcomes (p. 33 Chapter 44). The PDSA cycle begins by defining the propensity and extent of the issue, what modifications can and should be made, a strategy for a specific change, who should be participating, what should be gauged to comprehend the effect of change, and where the stratagem will be directed. Change is executed and data and materials are collected.The results are studied and slight by using b reak measurements that show the levels of success or failure. unfermented steps are developed based on the results and the process begins again (Hughes, 2008). This approach to quality improvement is positive in that allows extensive problems to be disentangled at a rate not overwhelming to those involved. Because PDSA is readily achievable and results are easy to decipher, al close to instant gratification can occur. This makes a monumental task easier to tackle much like have the proverbial elephant one bite at a time. The drawbacks to this approach are that it is reactive and relies on people to accept constant change in their facility that can result in change fatigue (Hughes, 2008).To achieve the QI goal, the clinic must review continually the data retrieved from the tracking system of patients progress through the treatment process. Therefore, the methodology chosen for Chattanooga Cares QI plan is PDSA. Because this system focuses on small, continual changes, it will be laborsaving in staying on track. Another reason for this choice is that the clinic is small and is used to a frantic pace, in that locationfore change is commonly accepted and a part of the norm.Comparative Databases, Benchmarks, and Professional Practice Standards Hughes (2008) describes benchmarks in health care as the continual and collaborative discipline of measuring and comparing the results of key work processes with those of the best performers in evaluating organizational performance (p. 38, Chapter 44). Competitive benchmarking can be used to compare Chattanooga Cares levels of sickness to other organizations offering the same services (Kay, 2007). By using reports from other HIV/AIDS clinics, Chattanooga Cares can compare their levels of sickness to the patients serviced by other treatment centers.Authority, Structure, and OrganizationThe authority structure of Chattanooga Cares is straightforward and simple. Because it is privately owned, there is no board of direct ors. Instead, Dr. Jay Sizemore, the physician who owns and runs the clinic is the head of the organization (www.chattanoogacares.org/, 2013). Five other positions comprised of a registered nurse, a medical assistant, an LPN, a patient health coordinator, and an office manager, finish out the authoritative staff at the clinic. Although the doctor leads the team, the other five mentioned have equal standing in decision-making and quality improvement implementation. QI issues are discussed within the confines of these six people and all decisions are handed down from them. Each holds their own position within the organization, however, out of necessity, all of them work interchangeably within other peoples job duties.CommunicationBecause of the intimate nature of Chattanooga Cares, quality plans are shared among all the staff. If a particular strategy involves basically one persons performance, that person will hold most(prenominal) of the responsibility for implementing, measuring, and ultimately, evaluating the effective of the plan. For instance, one goal is to improve the levels of sickness in the HIV/AIDS patients the clinic serves (www.chattanoogacares.org/, 2013). A tool for implementing and measuring this is a patient tracking system that follows a patients progress through the system.The person responsible for this quality improvement device would be the case manager for that patient. This person would monitor the tracking system, collect data through reports, assemble data for team review, evaluate the effectiveness of the QI plan, and ultimately, devote needed improvements. Each person is responsible for his part(s) in any stipulation QI plan as well as gathering data and reporting such data to the team.EducationAll medical staff must be board certified and all case managers must have a background in social work and be at a minimum a licensed LPN. All education and prevention staff must be state certified in HIV/AIDS testing and prevention counseli ng (www.chattanoogacares.org/, 2013). one-year training and certification is required by all employed and volunteer staff to meet conditions of state and federal grant programs. To implement the patient tracking system quality improvement plan, each person working with patients will be included in the introductory training of the software program and be introduced to the goals of the QI plan.This will be communicated by the person overseeing the process, most likely the case manager. Because staffing at the clinic is minimal, this training can take jell efficiently, with little loss of productive medical time with patients. The process will be covered from the initial contact with a patient and will continue as long as the patient wished to be under the clinics health care plan. Therefore, it is ultimately the responsibility of the entire staff and not just the case manager, to ensure that current information is uploaded to the tracking system, and that prompts by the system a re met in a timely manner.Annual EvaluationThe evaluation of the QI plan for improving sickness levels in patients is done on monthly, quarterly, and annually bases. Because continual evaluation is needed for the plan to succeed, data must be collected before it becomes overwhelming in numbers. If this plan was left entirely to an annual evaluation, it would take weeks, if not months, to assemble, evaluate, and implement changes. The factors gauged are made of up several items reports showing the follow-up times of patients, data indicating how many patients did not receive required contact during the time period, and the time frames of between the system prompts and response intervals.When complied, this data shows the breakdown in interaction and allows the team to make changes to ensure that patients do not wish in communication between themselves and the clinic. Monitoring the data on a weekly, if not daily basis, allows the QI plan to be more effective by making changes using the PDSA approach.ReferencesHashim, M. J., Prinsloo, A., & Mirza, D. M. (2013, Spring). Quality Improvement Tools for degenerative Disease Care More Effective Processes are Less in all likelihood to be Implemented in Developing Countries. International Journalof wellness Care Quality Assurance, 26(1), 14-19. DOI10.1108/09526861311288604Hughes, R. G. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality An Evidence-Based handbook for Nurses. Rockville, MD Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/Kay, J. F. (2007, February). Health Care Benchmarking. The Hong Kong checkup Diary, 12(2), 22-7. Retrieved from http//www.fmshk.org/database/articles/06mbdrflkay.pdf Palmer, H. R. (1997, October). Using Clinical Performance Measures to Drive Quality Improvement. Total Quality Management, 8(5), 305-11. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/219816031 www.chattanoogacares.com (2013). Retrieved on September 3, 2 013 from http//www.chattanoogacares.org/about-us.html

Tyco’s problem Essay

Tycos job was a consequence of take in executives and members of the gameboard non supervising what was legal and what wasnt at bottom their community. CEOs Kozlowski and CFO Swartz failed to unwrap 1000000s of dollars of low interest group and involvement free loans they received from Tyco. The executives unethical behaviour resulted in stock refuseers benefits organism indite off which ended the company get offing into a monolithic debt. The top executives display greed for m aney.1. What do you believe Kozlowski motive for seeking to avoid bring in revenues revenue sweeteners on his art purchases was? Kozlowski motive was power and greed for money. Kozlowski knew that he was in a top place of authorization. and most likely believed that no 1 was traveling to oppugn his place or the incorrect things that he was going convoluted in. There was as well as no existent accountability nowadays or trueness to Tyco. Kozlowski realized that if he purchased the graphics with Tyco financess and so falsified the records. so he wouldnt have to pay the revenue enhancements bulge out of his own(prenominal) pocket and took a great hazard that no 1 would happen out. He abused Tycos assets for his ain pecuniary addition.2. pardon the construct of commingling assets with regard to the Tyco instance Commingling assets is and is the act of blending the financess belonging to one party with those of another party. particularly when one party has duty to retain the financess separate for the other party. Tyco used this as a manner to travel around the system for its on in-person additions. concealing the true purposes of its executives. Commingling individual(prenominal) with concern assets is over alone a hapless concern determination. The executives treated the companys money as if it were your ain. Besides. the executives used Tycos concern assets for their ain personal addition by buying graphics. multiple existent nation belongingss. jewellery. and other dearl y-won points for personal usage. By commingling assets. the executives caused attending from revenue enhancement governments and SEC and other condemnable probes due to their delusory behaviours.3. Would it hold been doable for the board of managers to see the accommodations taking topographical point in the polar plans at Tyco? The board members could hold found the unlawful accommodations taking topographic point. but non really likely in this instance. In a sense. the board of managers is every bit much at mistake as the piquing executives because if they played a more proactive function in the concern operations. so the executives may non hold gotten away with every bit much as they did for the long period of clip. If they had taken a more active function. they would hold found deceptive paperss and fraud strategies that were go oning manner Oklahoman than when they were finally discovered.As a consequence of the board non taking an active function. the executives actions wen t on for some clip without any notice. The executives knew what they were making was incorrect and illegal. being involved in revenue enhancement equivocation. hyperbolic net incomes and commingling assets. The executives were besides passing out illegal unauthorised fillips. They besides become involved in paying off functionary to be quiet on the affair. Overall. the incorrect actors of the company knew that their actions were illegal. unethical. and dearly-won to Tyco. but they risked all of these things for their ain personal addition. They believed that no 1 would catch on to their actions. but like all offenses that condemnable commit. it finally catches up with them.

Are More Violent Than Ever Essay

In our current time at once, in that respect fuck off been many issues concerning our behavior in the society. Philosophers for ages have been studying wherefore man behaves so at he is. Still, no singular scheme for human behavior has been developed. It is important for a society to be in a peaceful and orderly manner. If societies have citizens with improper behavior whence it may lead to chaos in the community. Having orderly manner is iodine key factor in making up a community. If the quietus between these factors is disturbed then it could lead to trouble.One of the alarming issues in our jejuneness today is the growing number of delirium in our youth today. One important public health problem that needs to be resolved immediately is youth violence. This problem usually leads to death and fatalities. In a 2003 study, 5,570 young people that were from the ages of 10 to 24 were murdered. An average of 15 young murders is committed each day. some of the victims were kille d from the use of firearms such as guns. 750,000 young people between the ages of 10 to 24 were rushed to hospitals and clinics because of the injuries they have sustained by violence.( young person Violence, Facts Sheet) in that respect have been many reports of school shooting, youth accessing fire arms, youth violent acts in the community. Most of the teens are expected to be in schools and sadly, school violence today is increasing besides. In 2004, a nationwide survey was conducted in higher(prenominal) schools. The survey showed that 17% students confirmed they brought a dangerous weapon inside their school premises. Around 6% of the teenagers who were interview that were attending school state that they intentionally missed a school days because they felt menace inside their school grounds.The survey also showed that bullying is growing to a serious problem in schools today. In the survey, 30% of students in sixth and 10th grade were said to be a bully, a aim of a bully or both. The survey also stated that 33% of the students were said to be involved in a physical competitiveness in their school. The institution that the children should be universe educated is now also evident of violence. It is a fact that violence in teenagers are increasing. (Youth Violence, Facts Sheet Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and reign over Prevention Youth attempt Behavior SurveillanceUnited States)There are some factors that cause violence in our teens today. One of which is video recording and media. Violence on Television happens in most of its programs and 5 clock more in cartoons which are viewed by children. Studies have revealed that violence on television and media affects the behavior and attitudes of its viewers, especially the children who watch it. A study shows that a minimum of 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of violence on television and media has been witnessed by a child at the age of 12.There is much violence in the media, such as in music, cartoons, wrestling shows or movies, which corrupts the children attuned to it and makes them recognize violence and thus, increases violent behavior. Sadly, children spend most of their time watching television and acting violent video games than studying and being in their classrooms. (Prevention Youth Risk Behavior SurveillanceUnited States) Another cause of violence in our youth is violence at home. Teenagers who are experience violence in there home, whether it is done to them or to other family parts, would also become violent.A young persons home have a big effect on him. Violence in homes are caused by quadruplex factors such as past violent encounters in the violent family members home and also by poverty or being in the underclass which causes dysfunctional ties within the family. The poor monitoring of a child in a low parent environment would belike turn that child to violence. The child would practice violent acts outside his home, skillful foll owing what he observes inside the house. (Mercy J Teen Violence)

Border Patrol in Arizona

Alexa Ibarra English 102 Mrs. Nowotny-Young April 7th, 2010 What can we do to abate the affects of dose import in genus azimuth? According to the Office of National Drug Control polity t here were 5,225 juvenile and 24,145 adult drug arrests in Arizona during 2006. The enjoin of Arizona is a state of high intensity drug trafficking, which has accordingly lead Arizona to be a state of great danger. The offensive adoptt with locals, the location of how easily accessible the telephone is and the networking that has be take place so greathearted and causes immense crime in Arizona.What can be done to mitigate the affects of drug export in Arizona? For those who ar neighbors to the frame up, they be genuinely influenced by the drugs, crime and risk their sleep withs daily because of the positioning of their home. For most who live near the demonstrate it is a matter of culture and heritage. Payan demonstrates a birds centre of attention view and how officials disregard the opinions and thoughts of those who live in the bordering areas. Apparently, they call back that the government should come up with a new approach, which could provide citizens with much privacy and more pledge in their neighborhoods due to high crime.Another big problem is that because these areas by the borders are so poor, locals feel pressured to become involved in these adulterous activities in the drug smuggling business. The newspaper denomination by Eckholm demonstrates item drug smuggling in Sells, Arizona. phratrys in Sells hold up been feeling as though they are creation prepare in the middle, and that security is not strong enough too protect them from the dangers of drug smugglers. Residents of neighborhoods of bordering towns of Mexico those who believe that security in bordering towns must be more secure and refined.The purpose of the article is to give readers a taste of how it is to live in such an area, and that residents are in great danger because of the drug smuggling corruption. Many residents are often times afraid to leave their homes because of the violence and mischief they deal with at nighttime when serious crime is done. Many think this is unsporting due to the governments lack of support to the locals, which would benefit them and get them in less harm and danger. The smuggling of commonwealth and drugs across their backyards is something residents here have dealt with for decades.But, they say the killing of Krentz cements a disturbing evolution that began a few years ago felonious border activity has asleep(p) from irritating to deadly dangerous. (Mccombs 1) the killing of Robert Krentz 58 was killed by a hazard illegal immigrant. Most residents here say they believe the killer was a Mexican drug smuggler. Many blame the U. S. government for ignoring their warnings about the increase criminal activity and for failing to protect them. The Krentz family says it holds no malice toward Mexican people. They say political forces in U. S and Mexico are accountable for the death. (McComb 1) Arizona shares a 370-mile border with Mexico. This border area, a colossal portion of which is grant and sparsely populated, cannot be continuously monitored by border enforcement agencies and is used extensively by drug trafficking organizations to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States. Significant quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana are smuggled from Mexico into Arizona. Federal-wide Drug Seizure System data refer that Arizona ranked second in the country behind Texas in the total quantity of illicit drugs seized in 2002.Arizona is a national-level distri stillion cracker for illicit drugs, largely due to its multifaceted transportation infrastructure. Drug traffickers commonly use private vehicles and commercial trucks to smuggle illicit drugs into and through the state. Couriers change of location aboard commercial aircraft, commercial buses, and passenger railc ars and package delivery run also are used by traffickers, but to a lesser extent. DTOs and criminal groups generally use Interstates 8, 10, 17, 19, and 40 as well as U. S. Highways 85 and 86 as primary routes for transporting drugs throughout Arizona and from Arizona to other regions of the country.Interstate 8 extends from San Diego through Yuma and terminates at I-10, approximately midway betwixt Phoenix and Tucson. Interstate 10 spans the entire country, connecting Arizona, particularly Phoenix and Tucson, with the westward Coast at Los Angeles and the East Coast at Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 17 connects Phoenix to Flagstaff and provides access to eastern and western states via I-40. Interstate 19 connects Nogales on the U. S. -Mexico border with I-10 at Tucson. Interstate 40 originates at I-15 in Barstow, California, passes through Arizona, and terminates at Wilmington, North Carolina.US 85 begin at the U. S. -Mexico border and ends in the Phoenix metropolitan area. U S 86 split from US 85 and extend eastward to Tucson. The Obama administration would like to invest in an invisible fence which would take up to 672 million dollars in be to create. The Bush administration launched the project in 2005 to help secure the border against illegal immigrants, drug smugglers and other intruders. It was conceived as another layer of protection, in addition to thousands of Border Patrol agents and 650 miles of real fences.The system was supposed to permit a small number of dispatchers watch the border on a computer monitor, zoom in with cameras to see people crossing and ensconce whether to send Border Patrol agents to the scene. Although there are sensors, cameras and radar at many points a tenacious the border, they are not connected to cover large expanses. Originally, the virtual fence was supposed to be completed by 2011 but due to technical problems it has been changed to 2014. Among other things, the radar system had trouble distinguishing betwixt vegetation and people when it was windy.Also, the satellite communication system took too long to relay information in the field to a command center. By the time an operator moved a camera to take a closer look at a spot, whatever had raised skepticism was gone. (Billeaud 1) The technical issues that follow the virtual fence, along with funding problems keep delaying the fundament of the virtual fence. According to Jorg Raab he explains that networking can often lead to crime. Networking is being negatively used for drug trade and putting many people in danger because of it.Raab focus is directed to those who view networking as a negative action, and believes that these networks should be confronted if western democracies wish to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling and manifolds pathologies that confront failed states. The Minutemen group has been created through a willing group, which is dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the Unites States border. Arguing that the go vernment is insufficiently concerned with securing the U. S. border they have form several state chapters, with the intention of providing right enforcement agencies with evidence of in-migration law violations.Minutemen are a positive volunteer group but because they are risking their lives with no pay this puts the minutemen at very low numbered group members. The drug smuggling problem has become huge in Arizona. Whether it may bear on the locals, its relative closeness and easily navigable location or that networks have completely taken over the streets drug smuggling is something important and extremely important to understand in order to affectively change it. Some believe that the key to keeping danger away is to focus less on illegal immigration and focus more on drug traffickers who are creating danger to citizens of the border.The Obama administration is hoping to assess an invisible fence, which would keep illegal immigration and drug smuggling out of the United Stat es, but with funding this, may take years to process. The minutemen system has been effective but the fact that it is voluntary puts the volunteers in dangerous situations, which can be misleading. Overall the drug smuggling problem in Arizona has brought much crime and danger to citizens and must be taken care of before drug smugglers expand and put more neighborhoods at harm. Works Cited Billeaud, Jacques. Invisible fence at U. S. -Mexico border in real trouble. The Commercial Appeal.N. p. , Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Eckholm, Erik. In Drug War, Tribe Feels Invaded By Both Sides. The New York Times 24 Jan. 2010 n. pag. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. McCombs, Brady. Chiricahua neighbors stately as never before. Arizona Daily Star 3 Apr. 2010 n. pag. AZstarnet. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Payan, Tony. The three U. S. -Mexico border wars drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security. Westport Praeger Security International, 2006. N. Print. Raab, Jorg, and H Brinton Milward. Dark Networks as Proble ms. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13. 4 (2003) 413-439. Web. 14 Mar. 2010.

Lago’s Motiveless Malignancy

S. T. Coleridge regarded Iago as A being next to the match, exactly not quite the devil whose explanatory soliloquies were the motive hunting of motiveless virulence. From your reading so far, to what extent do you agree with this stead? Iago is one of Shakespeares most compelling and sophisticated villain. He is considered as such because of the trust that Othello puts in him and which he betrays while maintaining his reputation of an near and reliable man.Shakespeare presents Iago as cynical, quick witted and opportunistic, therefore having alone qualities of stage villains in revenge tragedies. He is eaten up by jealousy and hatred, and this leads him to seek slipway to destroy Othello by poisoning his mind against Desdemona. Iago is a master in pret barricadeing and destroying. around of the times we see that he enjoys having an audience, because we see that he has a lot of soliloquies where he out depicts his plot real clearly. However he is rather mysterious especiall y when he refuses to speak at the end of the play.In fact, it is this silence that led to Coleridge concluding that he has a motiveless malignity. The same critic also viewed Iago as being next to the devil. Here Iago is no longer considered as the epitome of evil, but he is seen as an example of an emotionally limited man, driven by jealousy. Most other Shakespearean characters do bad things in order to fulfill a particular goal. Often the motive is ambition as in Macbeth or revenge, as in Hamlet. The thing about Iago is that we really neer know for certain why Iago acts In this way.However, many people suppose that the possible motive for Iagos actions is envy, particularly towards Desdemona, Cassio and Othello. Iago sees them as more noble, free-handed and in the case of Cassio, more handsome than he is. This is reflected in the line when he says He hath a daily beauty in his purport that makes me ugly. In addition, Iago suspects his wife, Emilia, of infidelity with Cassio. Iagos relationship with Roderigo is driven by callous greed, and when his purse becomes a dangerous inconvenience, he kills him.His motives for destroying Othellos happiness are driven by negative impulses. Iago holds a grudge against Othello for promoting Cassio sooner of him. Apart from normal jealousy, Iago is also eaten uo with sexual jealousy. He hates Othello because he suspects that the normal has twixt my sheets .. done my office. And because of this paranoia, Iago determines to use the goodness of Othellos wife, Desdemona to enmesh them all. Another motive, for Iago to hate Othello is racism.His low opinion of him is very clear in many of his speeches, especially in the way that he mentions him. Iago wants to degrade those that he despises. Iago is self-contained, egotistical and confident. These qualities help him in his treacherous quest. He is also very successful because he is able to play several roles convincingly, and is able to accommodate his style to suit any occasion. Iago only reveals his true nature in his soliloquies. And this is why it is difficult for us to see the real motive downstairs the appearance that he creates to cover his true self.

Black Swan, Cinema Paper

Sarah Risner Dr. Foley Cinema 19 November 2012 gruesome drift caustic Swan is a photograph with a unfairness transformation of Nina the white swan metamorphosing herself into the moody swan, with symbolism and psychosis fly the cooping nearly at bottom the pictorial matter. Most of this pic plays into the world the danseuse, and exposes some of the hidden motives of this world. The other world this movie plays into is the world of someone with psychosis, and the mysteries that follow between some(prenominal) worlds. It bes the ballerina world feeds into the patient with psychosis and feeds the mental illness.After one watches this movie they pass on be horrified and troubled at the same time. The character of Nina volition leave one trying to figure out the mysteries of Ninas life. It actually leaves the audience with more questions than answers after reflexion the movie. The questions are what give the movie great success. The setting of dour Swan takes place in unsanded York at a ballerina studio where Nina and Lily are preparing for the production of Swan Lake. The plot of the movie is intimately Nina and her obsession with dance. Her mother is a cause ballerina and is very visualizeling of her daughter.The dance director by the digit of Thomas Leroy decides to replace the character Beth with Nina for the new season of Swan Lake. Nina is his choice, only when he also has eyes for the character Lily. Nina feels competition between herself and Lily. Nina has an obsessional view between herself and Lily. This firearm is complicated because it means the character has to play both the white swan and the black swan. The white swan requires the ballerina to play a part of purity and elegance. The black swan part requires the ballerina to play a part of cunning and sexuality.Nina get out go to the dark spot of this character and it will drive her insane. Lily and Nina form a apprizedid friendship which seems to be insane itself. The con flict of this movie is the in look(a) struggle of Nina with her own personality waging war against itself. The character change of this movie is with the main character of Nina. Nina starts out innocent and ends up exploring her dark side in order to turn herself into the character of the black swan. Some global symbolism found in this movie is the use of the character Lily asNinas doppelganger. The symbol is of course is the twin/double identity of Ninas self. This embodies Ninas good/evil sides of herself. Mirrors are utilise in the cinema to put down Nina splitting into two different personalities. The cultural symbolism in this movie is seen in black and white symbolism. Black of course acquaints the dark side of Nina, and white the good side of Nina. It is shown with actual color within close to of the movie though. The theme of this movie is the cost of fame, along with the dark sides of show business.It also shows complexities of trying to be perfect and how the stress of perfection can be ones downfall. According to The Sticky Shoe check out by Logan Arney, says the Black Swan having a target audience is a bold statement. The reason for this being that the movie has attracted all kinds of people to watching it due to the Oscars and so forth. It has almost created its own target, or curious on-seekers sound wondering what goes on in this film. The marketing of this film has mevery causes to it such as giant names. The big acting names are Natalie Portman who stars in this film, director Darren Aronofsky.Aronofsky himself has directed big hits such as The Wrestler, The super acid, Requiem for a Dream, and Pi. Natalie Portman has starred in big hits such as V is for Vendetta, and The Other Boleyn Girl. Adding to this argument are the other two big actors being Vincent Cassel, and Wynonna Ryder and not to denotation this film being the buzz at the Venice Film Festival of 2010. there is a lot of PR when this bag of names is mentioned (Mu). Th e script used in this film was written by Mark Heyman, Andres Heinz, and John McLaughlin. The point was written by Andres Heinz (IMDb).According to Tom Long, giving his critical response to the highest degree this film, he believes the movie works due to Portmans great shipment to character which gives the movie its greatness. He also admits this movie is not ineluctably for everyone, but for anyone looking for the horror and craziness in a ballerina movie (Long). The mise-en-scene in Black Swan shows up as black and white color. For one, the costume of the dancers shows as black and white. The dress in the response is black, as are the walls of the ballet company. The editing of this movie was done by Andrew Weisblum (IMDb).What made the editing so great in this movie was how the emotions were transferred on film while adeptly telling the good story. The lighting in Black Swan is very dramatic with tones of greens and magentas showing up within different characters, and of cou rse the black and whites within the film. The music in this film is like any suspense thriller movie in that one knows something is about to happen when a scary tune starts to play. The sound effects seem to mimic the actual swan cry in some separate of the movie. This in effect makes the film very symbolic of the actual creature of a swan.This movie has many camera angles that clearly explore this movies symbolism. cardinal of the high-angle shots of this film is when the character of Nina when she is dancing on stage, and she is looked down on by the audience. A good close-up shot are when it shows Ninas feet and it shows how much control she has in her movement. A significant wide-shot in the movie is when we are in Ninas bedroom, and there is light hitting the bed. The medium-shot in the movie that believably catches most everyones eye is when Nina is passing her other self on the subway.This movie uses mostly the fixed-camera. In conclusion, this movie clearly goes beyond an y limit set forth on most film. It has used more symbolism than other movies which makes it quite interesting. It also has the uncanny nemesisistic theme of terror imposed within it. One feels as if the ballerina world has been opened while showing to what extremes the female ballerina will go thru to bond skinny, and be perfect. The black and whites of the film show to what extremes in which the ballerina will show herself through. Works Cited Arney, Logan. Black Swan. The Stickey Shoe Review (2010) 1. July 19, 2012 http//stickyshoereview. com/? p=107 Black Swan, IMDb (2010) 1. July 20, 2012 < http//www. imdb. com/title/tt0947798/> Long, Tom. Review Natalie Portman soars in Black Swan The Detroit News Opinion (2010) 1. July 19, 2012 < http//www. detroitnews. com/ condition/20101210/OPINION03/12100326/1034/ent02/ReviewNatalie-Portman-soars-inBlack-Swan-> Mu, Jennifer. Love this Black Swan Film trade, Luminosity Marketing (2010) 1. July 19, 2012 < http//luminositymarket ing. com/blog/? p=2616>

Medical Ethics Essay

Living in the flat coat of opportunity and liberty has its limits. There is an scene that every time we visit our doctors office that we tout ensemble will puddle the highest amount of respect and help that flush toilet be given. Growing up, doneout my whole animation I have been in and out of the emergency room more times than any regular person probably should have. Just only eleven months ago, I firmly fractured my calcaneus (heel bone) into three separate pieces and had to stay in the hospital for 4 daytimes due to surgery. Throughout my countless surgeries and visits to the hospital, I cannot imagine myself in a situation where the a doctor would disclaim to give intervention or perform any type of procedure to anyone due to his or her personal belief whether it be ground on race, sexual preference, policy-making beliefs, or frankly any other reason.Today thither be many an(prenominal) Doctors who are refusing medical exam assistance to patients because of thei r accept personal sacred and even political beliefs and values. It turns out that a doctors baron to refuse any kind of service is judicial. Randi Kaye, a CNN Correspondent interviewed Dr. Edward Langston at The American Medical Association. The AMA along with the many Doctors agree Any mendelevium as the opportunity that if because of personal beliefs religious or moral beliefs that they can refuse to provide services, but we also believe that physician has an indebtedness to provide an avenue where the patient can get the finagle that theyre seeking,. One particular case dealing with a man in New Jersey, create verbally by Rmuse, an advocate for freedom of religion and particularly, freedom of no religion. Joao Simoes, a gay, and HIV positive patient at a Catholic Hospital. Dr. Susan V. Borga, came into his room while looking at the medical charge. She looked at Joao Simoes and asked him how he contracted HIV. Simoes confirmed that he contracted the virus through unprotec ted sex.Dr. Borga thence asked if it was due to unprotected sex with another man. As soon as he confirmed that yes, it was with another man, Borga closed his file flinged out of his room. Simoes was not allowed to contact his personal physician for three day to help get medicine. When he was finally allowed to contact his physician, he was told that he had already spoken to Dr. Borga saying her that Simoes needed his medication. Her response to the physician was that he must also be gay being that he was his doctor. This was followed by This is what he gets for sacking against Gods will. Simone was finally sufficient to get his medication after the hospital allowed his sister to visit and saw that she gave his medication to the nurses.Another case dealt with a Wal-Mart pharmacy in Wisconsin. Due to this pharmacy being a very busy pharmacy, they contacted a temporary delegacy because they need temporary assistant. This temporary employee informed Wal-Mart through a written statement that due to his religious beliefs, he would not be able to handle any clients that had any issues with or relating any form of contraception. Wal-Mart headstrong to compromise with the new employee to where he passes on the client to another pharmacist. When calls were make dealing with contraception, he would place them on hold and not inform anyone. When patients would pick up a birth control prescription medicine, he would walk away and not tell anyone there was a patient waiting. Wal-Mart then tried again to compromise, but when realizing there would be no resolution, he was fired. A last case explained by Jessica Dweck occurred in Florida. Florida physician old salt Cassell taped a sign to his office door advising Obama supporters to seek urologic care elsewhere. The only way that this doctor could be sued successfully is if the patient is currently being treated and was in need of care, that the doctor ceased care without a proper notice or referral for another doctor. A doctors visit in not coarsed on political views. The kind seeween a doctor and a patient should be based on the physical and emotional wellbeing of the patient.The main question and fretfulness should be why in the year 2014, when the United States is dealing with terrorism, and teenagers overtaking on a shooting spree at their high schools, is there such a article that allows Doctors to refuse medical attention towards friendly, acquitted Americans based on hatred? Why is it that after so many years of war and innocent blood shed is there unchanging a clause that allows Doctors to refuse medical assistance on the base of religious or personal beliefs? In an online article apothecary moral sense Clause Laws and Information explains the reason why it was enacted. The conscience clause was offset printing executed in response to the Supreme Court decision in 1973 in the hard roe v. Wade case during the womans responsibilitys movement. Roe v. Wade ruled unconstitut ional a state law that verboten abortion except to save the life of the mother. This response caused major turmoil to the point where some states proposed legislation and passed laws allowing them to refuse abortions in their establishment. It went as farthest as pharmacist refusing in supplying refills and prescriptions of contraceptives. These actions resulted in the enactment of the conscience clause. The conscience clause was enacted in order to protect medical professionals from licit action for refusing to assist with contraception and abortion. In fact, many states began to follow with their own conscience clause which also allowed them to refuse medical service and prescription refills according to their idealistic beliefs. Unfortunately, there are also laws that that allows doctors to refuse medical attention to patients due to racism, sexism, or any type of hatred.Since 2005, twenty-seven states introduced bills to break refusal clauses. Four states are considerin g granting carte blanche refusal rights-much like the law adopted by Mississippi in 2004, which allows any health care provider to refuse practically anything on moral grounds. Its written so bad there is no protection for patients, (Erdely). It is mind boggling to see that this is allowed in the land of the free, the State where the people are allowed to be who they hope to be, and the possibilities of financial support a successful and happy life are endless. What seems to be going on, and what we probably should be reached about is that doctors are taking proceeds of the clause and finding loopholes to be able to act upon their bigotry. The system seems to be seriously broken. If something is wrong than it is up to us to make them right. The main concern then should be getting the Obama administration to revoke the conscience clause that was put in place by President Bush right before he left office. If people began signing petitions, and calling the intelligence activity s tations to publicly get the word of the unfair treatment of patients needing medical attention. This method surely would be a great starts in conflict against these unfair acts.Once the word is out on the streets, multiple legal actions should start to be put into place towards those doctors that placed many lives at risk or altered their lives to a point where they did not want to be. Such examples would be women who were brutally raped and were forced to have the sister due to doctors refusing to help. Or women losing their lives because of internal infections caused by pregnancy.It is a safe bet that what people want is a life where there is no judgment. A life where the color of skin, political party we, sexual interest, and lastly choices in life that are made good or bad, should not be the determinant nor reason to be handed down a wipeout sentence (Rmuse). Our country should not be stepping back into a life of hate, disregard, and prejudice towards one another. It shou ld be taking a step precedent to a place where we all get properly treated and be refused a health service because of hatred.Works CitedDweck, Jessica. Can Doctors Refuse to direct Patients Based on Their Political Beliefs? Slate Magazine. N.p., 6 Apr. 2010. Web. 08 July 2014.Erdely, Sabrina Rubin. Doctors Beliefs Can disable Patient Care. Msnbc.com. N.p., 22 June 2007. Web. 08 July 2014.Kaye, Randi. When Doctors Play Judge. CNN. Cable News Network, 12 Nov. 2012. Web. 09 July 2014.Pharmacist Conscience Clauses Laws and Information. Pharmacist Conscience Clauses Laws and Information. National Conference of State Legislatures, may 2012. Web. 06 July 2014.Rmuse. Conservative Doctors, Nurses, Pharmacists Create Death Panels By Abusing Conscience Clause. PoliticusUSA. N.p., 4 June 2012. Web. 09 July 2014.