Religion in Colonial America Essay -- Religion

Religion was the foundation of the early Colonial American Puritan writings. Many of the early settlements were comprised of men and women who fled Europe in the face of persecution to come to a new land and worship according to their own will. Their beliefs were stalwartly rooted in the fact that God should be involved with entirely facets of their lives and constantly worshiped. These Puritans writings focused on their religious foundations related to their exodus from Europe and religions role in their life on the new continent. Their literature helped to proselytize the message of God and focused on hard work and strict adherence to religious principles, thus avoiding eternal damnation. These main themes are evident in the writings of Jonathan Edwards, Cotton Mathers, and bottom Winthrop. This paper will explore the writings of these three men and how their religious views shaped their literary works, styles, and their historical and political views. John Winthrop 1588-1 649John Winthrop was a pioneer for religious freedom in America. As one of the early settlers sailing west on the Arbella, he composed a sermon called A Model for delivery boyian Charity. Winthrops sermon is the framework for creating the spiritual colony that he envisioned and a way to unite the flock coming to a new land. The people traveling west were not from one group but rather came from many groups and backgrounds. Winthrop knew that in order to succeed in the wilderness these individuals would have to give up some of their individuality for the greater good of the colony. Winthrop felt that religion was the ultimate way to accomplish this and that Christ was the perfect model to follow. In one passage he says For patterns we have that first o... ...p. cccxi). London William Ball Paternoster-Row.Walker, R. (2001). Cotton Mather. Retrieved fromhttp//www2.iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/c_mather.htmlBaym, N. (2008). Cotton mather. In N. Baym (Ed.), The Norton Anthology of American Literature Volume 1 (p. 143). New York W.W. Norton & Company.Wise, P. M. (2005). Cotton matherss wonders of the invisible world An authoritative edition. (dissertation, Georgia State University)Retrieved fromhttp//digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=english_dissMather, C. (2008). From the Wonders of the Invisible World. In N. Baym (Ed.), The Norton Anthology of American Literature Volume 1 (pp. 147). New York W.W. Norton & Company.Winthrop, J. (2008). A Model for Christian Charity. In N. Baym (Ed.), The Norton Anthology of American Literature Volume 1 (pp. 82). New York W.W. Norton & Company.

Eulogy for Grandfather :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for GrandfatherMy grandfather will be remembered as a hardworking and modest man. He had plain needs. He was forthright and honest, a person with humble beginnings who placed a great value on development and friendship. I will remember him as the solitary(prenominal) grandparent I ever knew. I will remember him as a man who was content with what sprightliness had given him. He never asked for often and in the years I knew him, he lived a simple life. My grandfathers lifetime could be divided into three opposite parts. He was born in An Kai Lai, Kaiping, Guangdong, mainland mainland China on May 29, 1909. The direction of this early period started with his steamship voyage at the age of 14 from China to Victoria, B.C., Canada, in 1923. He was held in a holding cell until his 6th uncle came and paid the Head Tax. His early life was marked with many obstacles and hardships. He worked as a kitchen aide and cook in various small towns in Saskatchewan, where he learned to speak and write English. He developed an independence that I could still see during the time that I knew him. At age 19, he returned to China in 1928 to get married to Der She, returning to Canada alone in 1930. He lived through the Great Depression of the 1930s in Saskatchewan, becoming prematurely grey in his 20s. He didnt talk much of this period of his life. From the bits and pieces he shared with family, it was a very difficult time for him. However, he did learn the game of curling, a favorite Saskatchewan sport. His love of curling never left him. Up to his last days, it was the only event he thoroughly enjoyed to get a line on TV. He even timed his meals around the curling schedules. It gave him great pride whenever Canada won the world titles. From 1943 to 1960, he purchased and operated the Liberty Caf in Elrose, Saskatchewan. Despite the huge days in the restaurant business, he developed many close and valued friendships with the Canadian townspeople and farmers deep down t he community. People called him Lee and loved his homemade pies, sugar doughnuts, and fresh bread. When the surrounding farmers came into town for their supplies, it was a special treat to stop into the Liberty Caf for coffee and a piece of pie. He took pride in his abilities and in the respect he had earned in the community.Eulogy for Grandfather Eulogies EulogyEulogy for GrandfatherMy grandfather will be remembered as a hardworking and modest man. He had simple needs. He was forthright and honest, a person with humble beginnings who placed a great value on education and friendship. I will remember him as the only grandparent I ever knew. I will remember him as a man who was content with what life had given him. He never asked for much and in the years I knew him, he lived a simple life. My grandfathers lifetime could be divided into three different parts. He was born in An Kai Lai, Kaiping, Guangdong, China on May 29, 1909. The direction of this early period started with his s teamship voyage at the age of 14 from China to Victoria, B.C., Canada, in 1923. He was held in a holding cell until his 6th uncle came and paid the Head Tax. His early life was marked with many obstacles and hardships. He worked as a kitchen aide and cook in various small towns in Saskatchewan, where he learned to speak and write English. He developed an independence that I could still see during the time that I knew him. At age 19, he returned to China in 1928 to get married to Der She, returning to Canada alone in 1930. He lived through the Great Depression of the 1930s in Saskatchewan, becoming prematurely grey in his 20s. He didnt talk much of this period of his life. From the bits and pieces he shared with family, it was a very difficult time for him. However, he did learn the game of curling, a favorite Saskatchewan sport. His love of curling never left him. Up to his last days, it was the only event he thoroughly enjoyed to watch on TV. He even timed his meals around the curl ing schedules. It gave him great pride whenever Canada won the world titles. From 1943 to 1960, he purchased and operated the Liberty Caf in Elrose, Saskatchewan. Despite the long days in the restaurant business, he developed many close and valued friendships with the Canadian townspeople and farmers within the community. People called him Lee and loved his home-baked pies, sugar doughnuts, and fresh bread. When the surrounding farmers came into town for their supplies, it was a special treat to stop into the Liberty Caf for coffee and a piece of pie. He took pride in his abilities and in the respect he had earned in the community.

Open Source vs Traditional Development Essays -- Essays Papers

up to(p) Source vs Traditional breedingIn the world of technology like a shot there is room for everyone at every direct of expertise. From our identified Gurus, to the just bought their first computer newbie. Home computers atomic number 18 sometimes al just about to easy to use. The old saying just passable rope to hang yourself comes to mind. Settings that modify the very way the system looks, and runs can be changed with the simple click of the mouse. This power, which has been given to every level of user, is not from training, provided from improvements and advancements in the system, and application software on the computer. This software is in a everlasting state of development, improving on current features and adding new ones.Out of this first-string and consistent update in technology have grown many theories and Ideas on how software should be developed and escortled. From corporate America, to college campuses everyone has an idea from one thorough to t he other. On one side the belief all software should be throw in the towel and open to all, and the other protecting software secrets like a fanatical guard dog. Of course, both sides believe the other is a fanatic with a hump lack of sense. The real dividing line is not actually the control and dispersion of the software itself, but the blueprint or starting time code that creates it. That source code is the human readable text that defines what the software does, and looks like. From that a compiler converts it to a form used by the computer know as weapon code. In this compiled format it appears to be complete garbage to the average person, even to most people considered to be computer professionals or gurus. Most software--at least on the conventional side--is distributed in its compiled form. The original intent of compiling was not to protect the source code, but this has been one benefit to the software developers. Since a computer can not read the source code , a program is complied to allow it to run on similar type of hardware without the requirement of special software to interpret it into machine code.The traditional and most common form of source code control today uses copyrights and the judicial system to protect it. Companies like Microsoft vigilantly protect their zippy copyrighted assets by utilizing the court systems any time it feels a terror from an outside source. An alternate form of source code co... ...continue to embrace the OSS movement it leave alone in itself create an industry with more competition, a higher level of standards, and more consumer choice. Closed software has proven to close the market and allow it to be controlled by a single monopoly. The monopolistic technology environment of today has created bloated applications and a complete void of choice for consumers. BibliographyStallman, Richard (1998), Linux and the GNU Project. In Free packet Foundation On-Line. Avaialble http//www.fsf.org/gnu/li nux-and-gnu.html Cooper, Charles (Friday, November 5, 1999), Microsoft judged a monopoly. In ZDNET On-Line. Avaialble http//macweek.zdnet.com/1999/10/31/monopoly.htmlOpen Resources (1999-06-17), Apache. In Open Resources/The Free Source On-Line. Available http//www.openresources.com/documents/halloween-1/node10.htmlOSI Open Source Intiative- (2000), entree to Open Source. In opensource.org On-Line. Available http//www.opensource.org/intro.htmlSteven, Eric (08/24/2000), Cathedral and the Bazaar/ subsection 1. In Cathedral and the Bazaar On-Line. Available http//www.tuxedo.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ Open Source vs Traditional Development Essays -- Essays PapersOpen Source vs Traditional DevelopmentIn the world of technology today there is room for everyone at every level of expertise. From our identified Gurus, to the just bought their first computer newbie. Home computers are sometimes almost to easy to use. The old saying just enough rope to hang yourself comes to mind. Settings that modify the very way the system looks, and runs can be changed with the simple click of the mouse. This power, which has been given to every level of user, is not from training, but from improvements and advancements in the system, and application software on the computer. This software is in a constant state of development, improving on current features and adding new ones.Out of this regular and consistent update in technology have grown many theories and Ideas on how software should be developed and controlled. From corporate America, to college campuses everyone has an idea from one extreme to the other. On one side the belief all software should be free and open to all, and the other protecting software secrets like a rabid guard dog. Of course, both sides believe the other is a fanatic with a complete lack of sense. The real dividing line is not actually the control and distribution of the software itself, but the blueprint or source code that creates it. That source code is the human readable text that defines what the software does, and looks like. From that a compiler converts it to a form used by the computer know as machine code. In this compiled format it appears to be complete garbage to the average person, even to most people considered to be computer professionals or gurus. Most software--at least on the traditional side--is distributed in its compiled form. The original intent of compiling was not to protect the source code, but this has been one benefit to the software developers. Since a computer can not read the source code, a program is complied to allow it to run on similar type of hardware without the requirement of special software to interpret it into machine code.The traditional and most common form of source code control today uses copyrights and the judicial system to protect it. Companies like Microsoft vigilantly protect their vital copyrighted assets by utilizing the cour t systems any time it feels a threat from an outside source. An alternate form of source code co... ...continue to embrace the OSS movement it will in itself create an industry with more competition, a higher level of standards, and more consumer choice. Closed software has proven to close the market and allow it to be controlled by a single monopoly. The monopolistic technology environment of today has created bloated applications and a complete void of choice for consumers. BibliographyStallman, Richard (1998), Linux and the GNU Project. In Free Software Foundation On-Line. Avaialble http//www.fsf.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html Cooper, Charles (Friday, November 5, 1999), Microsoft judged a monopoly. In ZDNET On-Line. Avaialble http//macweek.zdnet.com/1999/10/31/monopoly.htmlOpen Resources (1999-06-17), Apache. In Open Resources/The Free Source On-Line. Available http//www.openresources.com/documents/halloween-1/node10.htmlOSI Open Source Intiative- (2000), Introduction to Open Sou rce. In opensource.org On-Line. Available http//www.opensource.org/intro.htmlSteven, Eric (08/24/2000), Cathedral and the Bazaar/Section 1. In Cathedral and the Bazaar On-Line. Available http//www.tuxedo.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/

Roberto Goizueta and Jack Welch are two of the best leaders in American

Roberto Goizueta and Jack Welch are two of the best leaders in American companies.Welch and Goizueta lead AssignmentIntroduction============Roberto Goizueta and Jack Welch are two of the best leaders inAmerican companies. They have created much value and wealth for theirshareholders. Goizueta was born in a wealthy family and is anaristocratic, formal gentleman who likes a nice predictable schedule.He has a deep respect of tradition. Being the chairman and foreland decision maker of Coca-Cola, he essentially runs a one-product company.Whereas Welch was born in a poor family and grown in an environmentthat was full of competition. Welch is impulsive and charming. Beingthe chairman and chief executive of General Electric, he runs aconglomerate with a dozen businesses. He puts almost every aspect ofGE management a slow element of competition. Though there are manydifferences in their style of working, both of them do have goodwealth-building skills and share some common characteristic s to begetsuccessful leaders. In the following, an analysis of these commoncharacteristics will be discussed.Common characteristics======================First of all, both of Goizueta and Welch have the vision and theability to sort out the randomness from the signal and then to drive justfor essence of whats important. Good leaders need to direct theemployees to do things that will be beneficial to the companies, and dissuade them from doing thin...

Thoughts on Jack Finneys Novel Time and Again :: essays research papers

Time and AgainA novel by Jack Finney in spite of the fact Time and Again is fictional, it makes one wistful, thinking of how incredible it would be to be in Simon Morleys place. To be able to see the world merely as if a day had not passed in the time of 1882, to converse, to touch, to just breathe the air of the past is merely dreaming.Author Jack Finney describes how such a thing would come to pass travelling back in time and for a moment or more, I could believe every word. However far-fetched or seemingly plausible the novel was, it was told brilliantly, and the sketches helped one immerse themselves more and more into the tale. The novel had the similar effect of Dan Browns novels (The Da Vinci Code, Angels & Demons, Deception Point) with meticulous research and facts, coupled with smart and abstract characters, and a theory or two, making for a convincing novel. But unlike Dan Browns novels, told with ofttimes suspense, heroism, and a distinctive hard-edged writing style, Time and Again was spun enthrallingly, but with a softer side, in the way character Simon Morley addressed the reader, almost in a conversational way.At some point in the story, most major characters had a moment where I felt as if it was truly summing up the character or their feelings, a moment where I truly felt as if I was seeing a depth in the character that was unknown before. Such as Jake Pickering, Julia Huffs supposed husband-to-be, and his very unanticipated tattooing of JULIA across his chest in defiance of Simons interference and his assertion of owning Julia and her love, a very do-or-die(a) act by a desperate man. Julia herself had many of these defining moments, but what I felt to be the most striking was her initial reaction the wassail as Simon took her back into his time. Julias alien-like wonder at such things as television, and the shortness the skirt Simon bought for her (knee-high). But it is how easily Julia adjusts to the newness all around her, and her i nnocence and nuisance at the violence we tolerate that truly made it a very prominent scene. It was a moment to reflect upon how we (North America especially) so easily undertake the violence around us. As for Simon, he had many moments with much depth as well, but I found myself feeling very compassionate towards him when he returned back to 1882 for around the third or fourth time.

indians :: essays research papers

the native american indians are very spiritula people. They hunt bison and buffalo In Indian Blood II, I incorrectly stated that Allan W. Eckert started "the Blue Jacket War." He did not. It seems clear now that Robert Van Trees did. In fact, to call it a war is to mischaracterize this mindless tirade by Van Trees and virtually of his ardent supporters over a simple academic question Was Blue Jacket white? Blue Jacket was a Shawnee honcho and it is not really importantwhether he was adopted or native--any more than it makes a difference whether one of his wives was white, which Van Trees does not dispute. According to the information on Carlyle Hinshaws website, Hinshaw called for a "crusade," using his word, to protest and suppress the republication of Eckerts The Frontiersmen. There by and by, Eckerts publisher was bombarded withletters and phone calls from the dozen or so people involved. Letters were sent and some were posted on the site. Several people wrote Allan Eckert directly. When asked for comment, Eckert said that some of the lettershe received in this "crusade" were actually hate mail, personally contend him and calling him names. Pointless harassment. I should point out that none of the responsible Shawnee scholars--neither Randy Noe nor John Sugden--would join in this disgraceful display of lynch-mob mentality. I was given over Hinshaws web address by another Shawnee researcher. Hinshaws website at first favorably impressed me, but after I came upon a page of protests led by Van Treess articleentitled "Bluejacket and Swearingen Families Declare War on Eckert," I was taken aback. "Declare War," he says, in such unassailable language that makes you think of terroristic attacks, some kind of crazy holy war for, in his words, our "honored dead." This strikes me as unfair and bizarrely un-American, like shouting down the opposition. This is, after all, a simple and rather silly academic issue. I f someone--Rev. Jesse Jackson, say--should write a take hold claiming that Blue Jacket was actually black and that historians had been wrong in their answer for of him all these years, would there be a similar protest? I hardly think so. Why not just write your own book and let the other fellow write his? When I asked Mr. Van Trees about this, he said that the tirade against Eckert was justified and by US Mail he sent copies of the rabid hate mail that Robert Denton Bluejacket and others had sentto Eckert--as if that explained everything.

indians :: essays research papers

the native american indians are very spiritula people. They hunt bison and buffalo In Indian Blood II, I incorrectly tell that Allan W. Eckert started "the Blue Jacket War." He did not. It seems clear now that Robert Van Trees did. In fact, to call it a war is to mischaracterize this mindless tirade by Van Trees and whatever of his ardent supporters over a open academic question Was Blue Jacket white? Blue Jacket was a Shawnee chief and it is not authentically importantwhether he was adopted or native--any more than it makes a difference whether one of his wives was white, which Van Trees does not dispute. According to the information on Carlyle Hinshaws website, Hinshaw called for a "crusade," victimization his word, to protest and suppress the republication of Eckerts The Frontiersmen. Thereafter, Eckerts publisher was bombarded withletters and phone calls from the dozen or so people involved. Letters were sent and some were posted on the site. Several people wrote Allan Eckert directly. When asked for comment, Eckert said that some of the lettershe received in this "crusade" were actually hate mail, personally attacking him and calling him names. nitwitted harassment. I should point out that none of the responsible Shawnee scholars--neither Randy Noe nor John Sugden--would join in this disgraceful display of lynch-mob mentality. I was given Hinshaws web terminus by an opposite Shawnee researcher. Hinshaws website at first favorably impressed me, but after I came upon a page of protests led by Van Treess articleentitled "Bluejacket and Swearingen Families Declare War on Eckert," I was taken aback. "Declare War," he says, in such strong language that makes you speak up of terroristic attacks, some kind of crazy holy war for, in his words, our "honored dead." This strikes me as unfair and bizarrely un-American, like shouting down the opposition. This is, after all, a simple and rather silly academic iss ue. If someone--Rev. Jesse Jackson, say--should write a book claiming that Blue Jacket was actually black and that historians had been wrong in their account of him all these years, would on that point be a similar protest? I hardly think so. Why not just write your own book and let the other fellow write his? When I asked Mr. Van Trees about this, he said that the tirade against Eckert was justified and by US Mail he sent copies of the fanatical hate mail that Robert Denton Bluejacket and others had sentto Eckert--as if that explained everything.

On Being Brought from Africa to America: Issue of Race Essay

Wheatlys poem On being brought from Africa to America consists of two central messages. First Wheatlys gratitude for her Christian salvation that mercy embodied as the enslavement brought her not only to America, but, thaught her benighted soul to understand. Second there is a subtle message, a clear revolutionary thought, dealing with the issue of laundry. Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain describes the importance to remember that those who do right according to Christian belief and are converted and relieve like Wheatly will be rewarded in heaven regardless of their skin colour. Her subtle emphasis on religion becomes a gateway for her statement against racism that every other slave should be equal on earth as well. The diversity of tone as at first there is gratitude tuned with understanding, thus far in the end authoritative diction and sound creates a more mild, soothing than aggressive tone and claim on racism. The Ballot or the gage speech by Malcolm X concerns the crossroads, a descriptive determination, that Afro Americans have to encounter, choosing between trusting in American democracy and justice to eventually gain equation the ballot or taking matters into their own hands becoming much more militant the bullet. In fact Afro Americans either need to clitoris harder for their rights to be acknowledged by society or there is a need of a physical fight against the system to overcome the American nightmare. With patience and faith, in 1964 Afro Americans still encountered segregation. Malcolms religious background, his aggressive negotiation, contrasting juxtaposition and provocation like if the white man does not want us to be anti-white, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us or our mothers and fathers invested sweat and blood creates a too aggressive tone, militant and radical,. DuBois first chapter in Souls of portentous Folk, brings awareness to the fact that there is a problem of the twentieth century, and it, is the problem of the colour line.. Afro Americans seem to be haunted by a retell image and as a result, see themselves through the eyes of others, especially white America longing to attain ego-conscious manhood, to merge the double self into a better and truer self. Du Bois internal conflict double consciousness proposes to Afro Americans to simply strive to become both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spue upon by his fellows.The chapter also addresses themes such as the salience of political power, the need for civil rights, innateloyalty of the Negro, ideal education, unfulfilled promise to the Negro, and a early bi-racial America. All this content is presented within an alleviating tone, intended as negotiation. DuBois Souls of Black Folk is the strongest text concerning the issues of race as for his alleviating tone serves best for negotiation in both radical -superior and inferior- sides of segregation. In fact by choosing an alternating, subtle and fri endly tone, the aggressiveness somehow is eased into acceptance, and the militant, radical anti racist encounters a mirror masking his own personal circumstance within segregation. DuBois not only targets exclusively at the suppressor that happens to be the a white man like Malcolm X, he rather aims at the internal conflict within every oppressed Afro American. Yet enlightenment and internal balance, serves as initial step to overcome the issues of race in order to achieve ultimate equalisation. Lack of religious fundamentalism, militancy and only subtle and non-violent provocation creates a body of thoughts free of extremes. DuBois adjustment of his committal to writing style from a rather narrative tone in Philadelphia Negro(1899) with regards to his manly white audience towards an advocating tone in The Souls of Black Folk (1903), his civil rights activism, labour on segregation, political disfranchisement and intended improvement of Afro American life strengthen his arguments . Amongst revolutionary thoughts, aggressive radicalism and hatred, DuBois set of tone and arguments is the best harmonising way within an while of riot and anger against segregation and racial injustice.http//www.occidentaldissent.com/american-racial-history-timeline-2/american-racial-history-timeline-1900-1960/

Mccarthy Paper

Ubiquitous Love In the novels, The Road and both the jolly Horses, by Cormac McCarthy, McCarthy shows through symbolism and setting, that present love is a basic human need. In The Road, the boy interprets faith, and is the source of never-ending love. All the Pretty Horses, the provides symbolize an unfallen spirit, and is the basis of a deep love. In The Road, the blow and godless world proves to be unforgiving, yet there is a beacon of light and love lay down through the boy. In All the Pretty Horses, the beautiful yet disappearing Wild West is a source of pain, but also love.McCarthy uses symbolism in both of his novels, to show an underlying importance, and to further enhance his overall theme of needing something concrete to love. In The Road, McCarthy shows how a father and sons relationship is found off of the fathers unconditional love for the boy. McCarthy writes Can I ask you something? Yes. Of course you can. What would you do if I died? If you died I would indire ct request to die too. So you could be with me? Yes. So I could be with you. Okay (McCarthy 11). This ingeminate dives deep into how the man feels about the boy.Through this quote, the man fully expresses that he would not want to live if he had to live without the boy. The boy proves here to be the mans only hope and the source of what keeps him going. The boy symbolizes faith in a godless and desolate world. In All the Pretty Horses, horses constitute deep importance and meaning for basin Grady Cole as he adventures away from home. McCarthy writes, What he loved in horses was what he loved in men, the blood and the heat of the blood that ran them (McCarthy 7).In this quote, John Grady Cole simply, but quite deeply displays his positive love for horses. John Grady Cole goes as far as to say that he loves horses equally as much as he loves mankind, and that both horse and man have similar qualities. McCarthy gives great symbolism to the horse, as it is being comp bed to mankind. Horses symbolize an unfaltering spirit that John Grady Cole so dearly idolizes as he experiences pain and anguish while his beloved Wild West slips through his fingers.The horses are the only thing that John Grady Cole can hold onto from the Wild West. He will hold on strong, no matter what happens to him, and will love horses as he loves mankind. In both The Road and All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy symbolizes holding onto something and never wanting to let go in both the boy and the horses. The boy and the horses prove to be something that is ever-present that the main characters in the novels can love unconditionally. McCarthy uses setting to further enhance plot and the theme that ever-present love is a basic human need.In The Road, McCarthy creates a desolate and destroyed world that the man and the boy find themselves trapped in. McCarthy writes, When he woke in the woods in the dark and the cold of the night hed reach out to touch the child sleeping beside him. Nights dark be yond darkness and the days more gray each one than what had gone before. desire the onset of some cold glaucoma dimming away the world. His hand rose and fell softly with each precious breath (McCarthy 1). In this quote, McCarthy sets the stage for what the world looks like.He describes it as extremely dark, and uses the simile of glaucoma to physically describe the Man and boys experiences. The sight of this new, harmed world basically deteriorates your sight, as the world is no extensive worth looking at. McCarthy also uses strong and consistent word choice with dark, darkness, gray, cold and dimming. These words give rise to the depressing setting that the Man and the Boy are in. Also in this quote, describes the mans love and protectiveness for the boy.McCarthy uses juxtaposition here to show that despite the dark, dreary and ever discouraging world they are in, there is a strong and deep love that can overcome any type of desperation. In All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy paint s a beautiful commonwealth whose culture is slowly diminishing. McCarthy writes, They rode out along the fence line and across the open pasture-landThe light fell away behind them. They rode out on the amply prairie where they slowed the horses to a walk and the stars swarmed a bombastic them out of the blackness.They heard somewhere in that tenantless night a bell that tolled and ceased where no bell was and they rode out on the round dais of the earth which alone was dark and no light to it and which carried their figures and bore them up into the swarming stars so that they rode not under but among them (McCarthy 30). In this quote, McCarthy sets up John Gradys world with incredible imagery, describing the open fields, prairies and the abundance of stars that consume them. John Gradys world is picturesque and seems quite perfect as the feeling of this quote is quite calming.But, in the face of this beauty, John Grady is still faced with the ever-present disappearance of the Wil d West culture. Although McCarthy finds sadness in the beauty, John Grady is yet once again placed with his horses. McCarthy describes the men and their horses as they video display an unbreakable bond. In both The Road and All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy uses contrasting settings to ultimately unite them by showing that ever-present love can be found no matter where you are. In the novels, The Road and All the Pretty Horses, McCarthy shows through symbolism and setting that ever-present love is a basic human need.He cleverly displays this by providing similar and contrasting elements. Humans need to know that they have something constant and concrete to love in order to survive. People tend to struggle when faced with challenges alone. The presence of something to love whether it is a son, or a horse, is essential. This love is what drives the human melt down to overcome obstacles and barriers throughout life. McCarthy, Cormac. All the Pretty Horses. New York Knopf, 1992. Print. McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. Print.

Changing Market Environment Essay

Changes in the trade Environment and its Implications The word Marketing refers to an activity that is strategically concerned with the management of alliance among an organization and environment. Environment could be described as an internal and outer condition to an organization. Internal Environment consists of situational eventors that are present within the organizational boundaries whereas external environment consists of any factors or conditions that are not under the control of an organization.Internal Environment creates strengths or weaknesses for a firm, however external environment whitethorn create opportunities or threats. Over the past some years, a significant change in external environment has been happened. In response to the change in external environment, companies break to change themselves and plan accordingly. Successful companies do not treat environment as a constraint, rather they view it as an opportunity. roughly time the change in the environment becomes a competitive advantage for a firm who exploits the change at a right time.Changes in the Marketing Environment Since a last decade or two, significant changes in the merchandiseing environment have been observed in the grocery storeplace. These significant changes could be reason as, bring out versus demand environment, rising expectations, innovation in technologies, orbicularization, increasing focus on table good, fashionisation of securities industrys, erosion of brands, micro markets, commoditization and other constraints. Previously, many companies do not amaze to even think more or less client needs and wants. They only concentrated on their production and specialization side.However, over time marketing managers realized the fact that understanding customer needs, behaviors and wants are crucial for customer satisfaction which ensures the continuity of an organization in the market. Now every other business is trying to chance on customer satisfaction, me et customer expectations and increase their customer average life. These things have forced the companies now to focus on demand side rather than supply side. Innovation in products and technologies is another source of change in the marketing environment.As pointed out earlier, that companies are now more focused on customer needs and wants. This thing has induced companies to bring innovation in their product features and processes. Competition has increased disastrously, which is forcing the firms to squeeze their profit margins and bring more efficiency in their production and processes. In install to accomplish this, companies demands more efficient technologies. This is something that every company in a particular industry has to follow. In order to hang in competitive, all the companies have to adapt the new technology.Adapting the new technology or process means quitting the older whizzs, this brings change into the environment. In todays world, the conception of Globali zation is becoming more and more common. Globalization is progressing at a very fast speed. In fact, now many countries are supporting the phenomenon of surrender trade which is uplifting the globalization. Another factor that underlies the globalization trend is the dramatic developments in information processing and transportation technologies. Now many firms have global presence which pushes them to think about marketing and environment in a global context.In this regard, an organization has not only to take care about domestic market environment, in fact international market environment as well. Companies are now shifting their focus more on service side which cannot be standardized. Uniqueness and complexity of a service determines the extent of relationship between a business and the customer. Service is more customized than product. This customized nature of service is one of the sources of ever-changing marketing environment. Customers trends are changing rapidly. As a resu lt their purchase intentions are also changing.Behaviors of customers have significantly changed from the past. In 1970s 1990s customers do not want to take new things rather they like to use same products and services. They were more rigid. However, today consumers want change, they want to experience new things, and often more flexible. These are some of the reasons of fashionisatin and erosion of brands. All these things are demanding more change in the marketing environment. Earlier, all businesses produce goods and past market them broadly to the general public without considering the needs of specific consumers in the market.However, in the current situation companies are adopting more targeted approach. In this regard, they advertise and market their product primarily to their target market. Companies now are increasing their reliance on niche marketing and specialization which is also refers to micro market. This phenomenon of micro market is creating change in the marke ting environment and possessing challenge to the marketer. Change in the marketing environment also comes from the product life cycle. As product moves from one stage to another, a change occurs.In the earlier and middle stages of the product, companies try to differentiate their products which help them to charge premiums from the customers. However, in the later stages of the product, commoditization happens. Commoditization is a concept which reduces the differentiation. step-down in the differentiation would results in the shrinkage of profit margins. Generally, companies do not want to commoditize and strives to prolong the middle stage of the product. The main point here is this that market environment would change with the change in the life cycle stage of product.Usually, commoditization also poses challenge to the marketer. Expectations of consumers are increasing from the companies. In the past, consumers did not expect much from the companies but now their expectations h ave increased with the increase in production technologies and competition. They expect more in terms of product quality and service. In order to meet the changing expectation and increasing demands of the consumers, companies need to change in their culture also. Therefore, rising expectations of consumers are also posing a change in the marketing environment.Apart from the above stated factors, companies also have to face number of other constraints as well which would create a change in the environment. These constraints could be related to economic, political or cultural constraints. Not always, but sometimes these constraints could bring a disastrous change in the marketing environment. Therefore, organizations have to be keep ready all the time to deal with any of the constraints. Changing Marketing Strategies In this changing environment, companies have to be prepared for changing in their marketing strategies.

Atomic Threat: New Weapon of the 1940s

What follows will be a brief summary and review of tercet books concerning the approaching of the instalmentic turkey, its put on on Japan, the politics and daintiness involved and the effects that Truman and his cabinet venture that the miscarry would absorb on future fights and future politics. tierce authors, Gar Alperoitz, Herbert Feis and J. Samuel pedestrian present similar information around the suppuration and use of the atomic break and the concerns that those a couple of(prenominal) politicians with intimate knowledge of the bomb suspected its existence would have on future global politics.The authors speak from diametric perspectives and yet at points provide strikingly similar details just about the events ring the development of the bomb. While all three authors focus on the development and use of the bomb, for separately one approaches the subject from a s alightly different perspective. Alperovitz focuses on delicacy with Stalin, Walker focuse s on the situation in Japan and Feis pays much attention to those involved with the development of the bomb, both politicians and scientists. We will begin our considerations of these different approaches with Alperovitzs focus on the effects the bomb had on diplomatic negotiations and move on from there.Alperovitz book consists of a long 60 page introduction, eight chapters and four appendices describing the relations amongst the unite States and the Soviet Union prior to and after the advent of the bomb. He begins with Trumans concerns about the Russians when he took over from FDR.As he prepared for his first merging with a USSR representative Truman declared that if the Russians did non care to cooperate, they could go to hell. A few hours later, the chairperson expressed the same view to Soviet Foreign look V. M. Molotov in rather undiplomatic terms. Truman desired to continue FDRs policy of cooperation with the Russians, but his attitude when he spoke the above words we re not the moment of a moments flash of temper. Problems were developing over the USSRs dealings with Poland. Alperovitzs primary argument that the bomb had a very significant influence on American views of diplomacy with the USSR long before the bomb.The bomb was inextricably bound with Trumans strategy at Potsdam in July 1945 and was regarded as a master card of diplomacy. (Alperovitz, p. 1) Alperovitz states that a major reason the bomb was used was to make Russia more manageable. (Alperovitz, p. 1). Touched upon the impact of nuclear weapons on the beginning of the Cold struggle. In August 1945, Eisenhower mat up that before the atom bomb was used, I would have said yes, I was sure we could confine peaceableness with Russia.Now, I dont knowPeople are f obligationened and disturbed all over. Everyone feels insecure again. (Alperovitz, p. 2) Truman and some members of his cabinet believed that Russia was attempting to dominate Eastern europium so concerns over Poland had bee n chosen as a symbolic issue to force a showdown with Stalin because of Trumans concern that Stalin was had plans for all of Eastern and Central Europe. (Alperovitz, p. 70) Secretary Forrestal stated, This difficulty over Poland could not be treated as an isolated incident. (Alperovitz, p. 70) Forrestal argued We had better have a showdown with them now rather than later. (Alperovitz, p. 70)On the surface, this showdown strategy seemed to have been a complete reversal of FDRs policy only a few weeks earlier. There were three major obstacles to Trumans unbendable, showdown approach. First, FDR appeared to have had a strong belief that cooperation with Russia was possible. Second was the concern that American-Soviet cooperation might be destroyed and that a dismantle peace accord amongst Germany and the USSR might be signed, a concern that was eliminated when the German government collapsed. The third concern was that a showdown with Russia might resolving antecedent in the loss of Soviet help in the state of war against Japan.While Trumans approach was one of an immediate showdown with Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill took a different approach. He believed it might be possible to obtain additional concessions from the Russians if he could maintain the extended troop positions rather than withdrawing Anglo-American troops as ecumenical Eisenhower had proposed. (Alperovitz, p. 90)Churchill was prepared to use any argument at his disposal to persuade Truman to his point. Churchill cabled Truman, The Russian occupational zone has the smallest semblance of people and grows by far the largest proportion of foodBefore we move from the tactical positions we have at present achieved, the Russians should be forced to agree that the feeding of the German population must be treated as a full-page and that the procurable supplies must be divided pro rata between the occupational zones. (Alperovitz, p. 91) When Truman took up the issue with his Join t Chiefs of module for advice, they were unwilling to use troop positions for political purposes.Even though Truman recognized that the Russians were in a strong position, he followed the showdown on Poland with a firm approach to the problem of cooperation in Central Europe. (Alperovitz, p. 93) Trumans stickt action with Churchill stressed his willingness to present a united Anglo-American stand against Russia. Like General Eisenhower, various host authorities believed that this approach to the troop issue would yield negative results. By mid-May 1945, Trumans plan for cooperative control of Central Europe was faced with a invest challenge.On April 24 1945, one day after chairperson Truman had a showdown with Molotov, Secretary of War Stimson wrote President Truman stating, (The atomic bomb) has such(prenominal) a gallery on our present foreign relations and such an important effect upon all my thinking in this field that I think you should know about it without further delay . (Alperovitz, pp. 103-04) Up to this point, President was apparently unaware of the bomb.Stimson had casually mentioned to Truman about an Brobdingnagian project(that) was under waya project looking to the development of a new explosive of almost unbelievable destructive power, Stimson had felt no compelling reason or need to fully discuss the involvement with President Truman up to that time until after the showdown with Molotov. (Alperovitz, p. 104) Secretary Stimson discussed the atomic bomb with the President for three quarters of an hour and it was assumednot mulishthat the bomb would be used. Truman was made aware that Japan had been the target of the weapon development program and that a special Air Force group was about to leave for its overseas base.Although Stimson expressed trustfulness that the bomb would shorten the war, the use of the bomb against Japan was not main subject of discussion. The diplomatic implications of the atomic bomb dominated private discussion between Stimson and Truman during the last week of April and the first week of May, 1945. President Truman eventually came to agree that the atomic bomb would have critical implications for diplomacy with Russia. By shortly after April 25, 1945, British representatives knew that a committee would be set up to consider the whole ranged of political issues which will fancy up in connection with the atomic bomb. (Alperovitz, p. 110)News of the atomic bomb first came to the average American and to most senior government officials from the newspapers. The weapons power was disclosed in a way that produced great emotion and optimism about its usefulness as an instrument of high policy. (Alperovitz, p. 237) On August 16, 1945, after the bomb was used and the war ended, Truman told the press, that Japan would not be divided into occupation zones, and declared that as far as Japan was concerned, in the event of any difference of popular opinion (among the Allied powers) the policies of the United States will govern. (Alperovitz, p. 240)The atomic bomb had strengthened the American hand in diplomacy. In the whirlwind days immediately after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, American diplomacy changedswiftly. Secretary Byrnes underscored the breadth and scope of the departures from typical diplomacy by saying, Thosedayswere full of action. The sheer volume of work caused the Secretary of State to ask that the capital of the United Kingdom foreign ministers face-off set for September 1 be postponed until September 10. (Alperovitz, p. 243).Truman declared The atomic bomb is too dangerous to be loose in a lawless worldWe must constitute ourselves trustees of this new forceThe best interests of the United States require the utmost cooperation by all concerned in keeping secret now and for all time in the future all scientific and technical information. (Alperovitz, p. 243) One week later, Truman directed that no information on the nuclear development project be released without the specific approval of the President. (Alperovitz, p. 243)Alperovitz clearly points out that the atomic bomb and the temporary American monopoly in possessing the bomb was viewed as a great advantage to American diplomacy. In (Secretary Byrnes) view, the primary task was to establish a lasting structure of peaceA stable Europe, essential to world peace and American security alike, was the number-one goal.Byrnes believed that the nuclear monopoly could be maintained for at least seven yearswithin that conclusion, with the weather of the revolutionary weapon, his diplomacy could easily achieve its idealistic objectives. Thus, the weapon seemed a crucial factor in forcing agreement to an American plan for permanent peacea plan which, ipso facto, would prevent another world war. (Alperovitz, p. 245) Alperovitz goes on to add that Byrnes vision obviated the danger of an arms race. (Alperovitz, p. 245) History has shown that Byrnes was clearly wrong. Not only did the atomic bomb fail to e liminate the arms race, but it seems to have added to the race tremendously, but with all that was at stake, the bomb made going to war a much more risky proposition than it had been in the past.J. Samuel Walkers book Prompt and Utter Destruction focused on another aspect of the new weapon. Walker notes in his preface that, The question of why President Truman used atomic bombs against Japan has intrigued me since I was an undergraduate history major. Indeed, it was the first issue in which the competing arguments of different scholars caught my interest. (Walker, p. ix)This statement in his preface sets up the direction for his book. Walker states, In factTruman never faced a categorical choice between the bomb and an attack that would cost hundreds of thousands of American livesthe prevailing perception (about the presidents alternatives) vastly oversimplifies the situation in the summer of 1945. (Walker, p. 5)Walker points out 1) that there were other available options for a rea sonably short time end to the war without resorting to the bomb, 2) Truman and his key advisers believed that Japan was so weak that the war could end even before an invasion began and 3) American military planners believed that even in a worst case scenario, American casualties would be far fewer than the hundreds of thousands Truman and his advisers claimed after the war. So, Was the use of the bomb infallible at all and if so, 2) What exactly did it accomplish?Walker begins by taking a look at the President. Truman won greater affection and esteem from the American people after his presidency and after he died than he had while president. He was honest, often indiscreet and blunt and needlessly offensive and his decisiveness could whizz to superficial or impulsive judgments. (p. 7)The world was embroiled in a global war that made his arrival into the Oval Office a period of extraordinarily difficult problems and, even though he had been vice president, he came to the White Hous e without adequate preparation. Indeed, he began his turn at the helm fundamentally in the dark about many of his predecessors policies and commitments. (Walker, p. 9) The one fundamental military strategy from Roosevelt that seemed clear to Truman was his predecessors desire to achieve complete victory at the last-place cost in American lives. (Walker, p. 9)After October 1941, President Roosevelt authorized a major effort to explore the feasibility of an atomic bomb. The Manhattan project began with the purpose of addressing the bewildering variety of scientific and engineering uncertainties connected with nuclear energy and the bomb. Once scientists had proven that a nuclear chain reaction was possible, the Manhattan Project focused on figure a bomb and producing the fuel to make it work.All of this was kept secret from Vice President Truman, so when he suddenly became President, he knew virtually cipher about the Manhattan Project or the bomb even though he had learned of a ma ssive and highly secret effort to build a new weapon while he was chairman of the Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program in the Senate. However, while serving as a senator he did not receive any details.Secretary Stimson confirmed and elaborated information about the bomb to the President in a skirmish on April 25, 1945, but Secretary Stimson warned, the existence of such a weapon would create profound problems because the United States would not be able to maintain a monopoly on the technology. Further, the issue of sharing information about the atomic bomb would become a primary question of our foreign relations. (Walker, p. 13)When Truman took office, he was outraged by the Soviet conduct in Poland, but he did not want to ruin the relatively good relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, less than a month after Truman became president, but the war in Japan raged on. Americans were still upset about the at tack on garner Harbor and had also become outraged when the U.S. government learned about how the Japanese mistreated American prisoners and released that information to the public and the Japanese were equally as disdainful of Americans thanks to the warped stereotypes Japanese leaders painted of Americans during the war. So, the Americans fought a war without mercy in Japan. (Walker, p. 23)Even though the Japanese people were losing confidence in their leaders and public honorablee was deteriorating, the fact that Japan was on the verge of defeat did not mean that the country was on the verge of surrender. By the end of June 1945, both American and Japanese leaders, including Japans emperor, as well as the Japanese people realized that the war would end in Japans defeat. On June 17, 1945, President Truman wrote in his diary that deciding between invading Japan and relying solely on bombing and blockade to end the war was his hardest decision to date. ( Walker, p. 35)Advisers in the Truman garbage disposal realized that there was a large submerged class in Japan that did not favor the war but would fight tenaciously for their homeland. In a meeting on June 18, 1945, Secretary Stimson hinted that he thought the war might end by some other means, though at this time he did not specify what the alternatives were. (Walker, p. 37)Meanwhile, although there were some proponents who were in favor of moderating the stance for Japans unconditional surrender, the prevailing attitude in the United States as a whole was for the unconditional surrender of Japan. By July 13, 1945, it was clear that Americas demand for an unconditional surrender was the main obstacle to a settlement. So, despite the mutual desires of the American people and the Japanese people for peace and the leaders of both countries faced the same obstacleunconditional surrender.President Truman faced choices as to how to overcome this dilemma. There were three choices, including invasions with the po tentially high costs. A fourth alternative also existed, the atomic bomb. Truman and his advisers proceeded with their planning as if the bomb didnt exist because the bomb had not been riseed successfully, but those in the administration who knew about the bomb hoped that a successful test would lead to their goal of closing the war at a lower cost than the alternatives. net preparations for the atomic test, named Trinity proceeded amid strain, excitement, uncertainty and ominous weather forecasts, but at 800 AM on July 16, 1945, Secretary Stimson receive news of the successful test of the bomb. President Truman was delighted when he heard the news. Secretary Byrnes was committed to the belief that the bomb would be an instrument to advance American diplomacy, particularly in light of growing differences with the Soviet Union.On the diplomatic front, Truman took his cue from Secretary Byrnes and agreed that the bomb would serve as a valuable tool for diplomacy. Ultimately, it appe ars that Truman used the bomb because he had no compelling reason to avoid using it. (Walker, p. 95) American leaders had assumed that the bomb would be used when available and there were no military, diplomatic, political, or moral considerations contrary to that assumption. Diplomatically, it placed America in a stronger position with the Soviets and it was politically popular as a means in ending the war quickly as opposed to the dire prospects of victory without the bomb.Herbert Feis opens his work by considering how the war could be ended. In May 1945 the war in Europe was over and Japan fought alone. Japanese life and production was being smashed and burned. The question was, How could (the war) be ended surely and quickly? (Feis, p. 3) The obvious and maybe most certain was was to beat down the Japanese until they could no longer fight onby enlarging the assaults on Japan and Japanese armed forces wheresoever they could be reached (Feis, p. 3) Another means was by inducement and a third, the most secret, was by shock. Each of these approaches could end the war or two or three of them could do so in combination.The end of the European war made American, British and Russian troops available for use in the Pacific. As for the war in the General Marshall felt that the hope that air power alone would be able to drive Japan out of the war was inordinate and that the task would be the more difficult there since the Japanese were scattered through mountainous country. (Feis, p. 9) The U.S. had planned an invasion of Kyushu, but there were concerns that America could not go further and force its way upon Tokyo. (Feis, p. 11) The Joint Chiefs adopted strategic plans for the war in the Pacific on May 25, 1945.Those plans were approved by President Truman on June 18th, but those plans included the desire to have Russian forces enter the final assault with U.S. forces. General MacArthur emphatically stated to a visitor from the War Department that no attempt ought to be made to invade Japan proper unless and until the Russian army had been previously committed to action in Manchuria that he though this was essential, and should be brought about withoutdelay. President Trumans tone was stern. He felt that Japanese aggression against China, the Japanese assault upon America and the Japanese cruelties during the was warranted abrasiveness and he reaffirmed his intention to carry on the war until the Japanese military and naval forces lay down their arms in unconditional surrender. (Feis, p. 16)On the dayspring of May 28, 1945, President Truman was urged to try to induce the Japanese to surrender by dispelling the worst fears of the consequences. Secretary Stimson and General Marshall concluded that the question of what to say to the Japanese and when to say it, should be governed by whether and when the United States had the atomic bomb. (Feis, p. 19) Others in the cabinet did not believe that Japan would heed any warnings of surrender until the Japanese were more thoroughly beaten down. (Feis, p. 19)Although the prime incentive for making the bomb was the effort to defeat Germany (Feis, p. 28), the dimensions of creating the bomb became apparent and its creators were compelled to face the fact that the war against Germany might be over before the bomb was ready for use. The number of issues touch the creation of the bomb included what type of bomb to make.During the creation of the bomb, those in the Roosevelt administration who knew about it believed that knowledge needed to make the new weapon could be confined long enough as to allow the United States and Britain to secure an advantage that would keep the Soviet Union from being too pushy. When Roosevelt died, Secretary Stimson lingered after the first Cabinet meeting to tell the new President briefly about the immense undertaking regarding the bomb of which the former vice president now president had no knowledge.As Truman learned more about the weapon with time, Truman began to recognize the marvellous significance of the new weapon. The President accepted Secretary Stimsons belief that our leadership in the war and the development of this weapon has placed a certain moral responsibility upon us which we cannot shirk without very serious responsibility for any disaster to civilization which it would further. (Feis, p. 38)When plans to use the bomb were considered, one consideration was to demonstrate the bombs power before using it, but there were concerns against its use. The possibility that a country could assure its security by increasing its nuclear armaments (as was later the practice) was viewed to be invalid. It was felt that the safety of all nations henceforth could be achieved only if they agreed to subject their activities in atomic energy to international control.However, the chance of bringing about such an agreement would be greatly lessened by the sudden and unannounced use of the weapon against Japan. Both the diplomatic a nd military value of the bomb spanned a wide range of concerns. Using the bomb against Japan faced a range of concerns as evidenced by the following statement they range from the final cause of a purely technical demonstration to that of military application best designed to induce surrender.Those who advocate a purely technical demonstration of atomic weapons, and have feared that if they would wish to outlaw the use of atomic weapons, and have feared that if we use the weapons now our position in future negotiations will be prejudiced. Others emphasize the hazard of saving American lives by immediate military use. (Feis, p. 54)Before using the new weapon, Americans were determined to continue their assault on Japan and officials in Washington were striving to compose a statement which would tell the Japanese how we intended to treat them once they surrendered.(Feis, p. 63) Feis considers issues not discussed by the other authors. He wonders, Whether, if the United States had ple dged itself as soon as the war was over to destroy the other bombs it had and dismantle the factories in which they were made other countries would have been willing to join with it in a trustworthy system of control of atomic energy, must remain forever a provocation to the speculative historian. (Feis, p. 190)I could be biased by this, but I certainly enjoyed each of these books, however I must admit to a great interest in many aspects of human being War II, including matters surrounding the atomic bomb. These books covered an aspect of the war that took concerns of future wars to a new and frightening level and often placed the reader right in the thick of issues and diplomacy connected with the atomic bomb and other issues of the war. All three books discuss the global atmosphere at the time of a world in turmoil at the end of World War II and the bombs contribution that bringing that turmoil to an end, but at the same time, each of the books focus on aspects of the politics su rrounding the bomb.All reveal the mutual suspicion and distrustfulness between Russia and her two strongest allies in the War, the U.S. and Britain. They reveal how this mistrust played a role in the development, use and politics surrounding the bomb. Each book portrays different details surrounding the development and use of the bomb. Although or perhaps despite their different perspectives, all three books are interesting and had some surprizingly similar aspects. Each author tells his story from a different perspective, each author outlines some aspects of their story with common events and from common perspectives.Alperovitz seems to focus a lot on Trumans concern regarding Stalins desires for Poland and other areas of Eastern Europe. Walker focused a great deal on events in the Pacific and Feis tended to concentrate much more of his focus on the development of the bomb. Combined, these three books present an interesting and a more comprehensive look at how the bomb developed, its initial influence on diplomacy and how politicians felt that the existence of the bomb would impact future events in Europe.Each author tells an interesting and provacotive story with behind the scenes details from a different perspective and each author lays out interesting and compelling facts surrounding the concerns, suspicions and global politics between Russia and ther wartime allies, the United States and Great Britain. I found each of them to be interesting and compelling reading.ReferencesAlperoitz, Gar (1965). Atomic diplomacy Hiroshima and Potsdam the use of the atomic bomb and the American confrontation with Soviet power . New York, NY Simon and Schuster.Feis, Herbert (1966). The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Walker, J. Samuel (1997). Prompt and utter devastation Truman and the use of atomic bombs against Japan. Chapel Hill, NC University of North Carolina Press.

Digital Fortress Chapter 33

Tokugen Numataka stared out his window and paced like a caged animal. He had not yet heard from his contact, atomic number 7 Dakota. Damn Americans No sense of punctualityHe would have called North Dakota himself, but he didnt have a phone number for him. Numataka hated doing byplay this way-with someone else in control.The thought had crossed Numatakas mind from the beginning that the calls from North Dakota could be a hoax-a Japanese competitor playing him for the fool. Now the old doubts were advance back. Numataka decided he needed more information.He burst from his office and took a left down Numatechs main hallway. His employees bowed reverently as he stormed past. Numataka knew better than to believe they actually loved him-bowing was a courtesy Japanese employees offered even the most ruthless of bosses. Numataka went directly to the companys main switchboard. All calls were handled by a single operator on a Corenco 2000, twelve-line switchboard terminal. The woman was bus y but stood and bowed as Numataka entered.Sit down, he snapped.She obeyed.I received a call at four forty-five on my personal line today. Can you tell me where it came from? Numataka kicked himself for not having done this earlier.The operator swallowed nervously. We dont have caller realization on this machine, sir. But I can contact the phone company. Im sure they can help.Numataka had no doubt the phone company could help. In this digital age, privacy had become a thing of the past there was a record of everything. Phone companies could tell you exactly who had called you and how long youd spoken.Do it, he commanded. Let me feel what you find out.

Comarative Analysis of Video Games

Comparative Study of Video Gaming Systems Final Report Due take in August 10, 2011 feebleboard of Contents Introduction4 Research Data5 Results 17 Conclusions24 Recommendations. 25 Bibliography.. 27 List of Figures Graph 1. 1 Role-Playing Games parry Graph Graph 1. 2 Adventure Games Bar Graph Graph 1. 3 Platformer Games Bar Graph Table 1. 1 Xbox 360 computer hardw ar SpecificationTable 1. 2 Xbox 360 Total Games in preferent Genres Table 1. 3 Wii Hardware Specification Table 1. 4 Wii Total Games in Preferred Genres Table 1. 5 Playstation 3 Hardware Specificaton Table 1. 6 Playstation 3 Total Games in Preferred Genres Table 1. 7 analyze salutes Table 1. 8 Comparing Hardware Specifications Table 1. 9 Comparing Games Offered pt. 1 Table 1. 10 Comparing Games Offered pt. 2 Table 1. 11 Comparing Target Demographic Table 1. 12 Comparing parking lot Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches Table 1. 13 Comparing Movie-Playing Features Table 1. 14 Overall RankingTable 1. 15 Retail Loc ations and Prices Introduction Pascal, after remodeling your house and adding a bonus/entertainment room, you mentioned that you would love to buy a new movie gaming outline. The last video gaming governance that you owned was a Nintendo 64, which pales in comparison to the systems available today. Since owning a Nintendo 64, your experience with assembleing video games has been limited to playing MMORPGs (Massive Multi-player Online Role Playing Games) on your personal computer. I take a leak been researching your excerptions and am constantly considering your preferences and restrictions.Your primary preference is game genre, with your just about preferred genre being Role-Playing. Several otherwise genres that you are interested in are Action, Adventure, Platformers, and Strategy. Your only when real restriction is a spending limit of $700 for your entire gaming setup. Other preferences that have been noted are the systems Blu-Ray capabilities, and that the system targe ts a mature audience. The three more or less prominent video gaming systems on the market that fit your preferences are Microsofts Xbox 360, Nintendos Wii, and Sonys Playstation 3. The succeeding(a) criteria are being used to evaluate your plectrums. Cost * Hardware Specifications * Games Offered * Target demographic * Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches * Movie-Playing Features The remaining heart and souls of this comparative study impart be organized into the several dents. RESEARCH DATA get out be presented organized first by option and then by critical criteria. Each of the evaluative criteria will be compared in the RESULTS section by showing the results for individually option side-by-side. These results will be totaled and a terminal CONCLUSION will be made. Finally, I will make a RECOMMENDATION as to the most appropriate course of action.Research Data Microsoft Xbox 360 Cost $199. 99 includes a 4GB encourage with built-in wi-fi, one wireless controller, A/ V cables, and a one-month subscription to Xbox LIVE Gold. Hardware Specification The following bow shows lively hardware specifications that are authorised to your gaming preferences. Table 1. 1 Xbox 360 Hardware Specification * Media Type * videodisk * CPU * 3. 2GHz PowerPC Tri-Core Xenon * Internal computer storage * 4 GB swank * get * 512 MB * Online Services * Xbox Live * Online Multi-Player Services * Yes * Connector Types 1 x AV cable port,5 x USB 2. , 1 x Kinect port,1 x HDMI output1 x SPDIF output,1 x Ethernet * * Games Offered The following give in shows how many Xbox 360 games are offered in your three most preferred genres. Table 1. 2 Xbox 360 Total Games in Preferred Genres Genre Titles Available Action 563 Role-Playing 108 Strategy 48 The following images show compiled game review pull ahead by genre to show which console does silk hat for several preferable genres. The results have been split into two types for all(prenominal) console. The lighter shaded color bars show the average score for all games for the specified system in that genre.The darker shaded color bars show the average score of just the top 5 outdo-scoring games in that genre for the specified system. Graph 1. 1 Role-Playing Games Bar Graph Graph 1. 2 Adventure Games Bar Graph Graph 1. 3 Platformer Games Bar Graph Target Demographic The target demographic of the Xbox 360 is most easily determine and quantified by looking at the ESRB judges of the most popular game titles. The following is a list of the public figure of Xbox 360 titles offered for each ESRB game rating. EVERYONE 303 Titles rated E (E preciseone) have circumscribe that whitethorn be fit for ages 6 and older.Titles in this category whitethorn run off minimal cartoon, fantasy or mild personnel and/or uncommon use of mild actors line. EVERYONE 10+ 213 Titles rated E10+ (Everyone 10 and older) have content that may be competent for ages 10 and older. Titles in this category may contain more t han cartoon, fantasy or mild violence, mild language and/or minimal suggestive themes. TEEN 535 Titles rated T ( teenage) have content that may be suitable for ages 13 and older. Titles in this category may contain violence, suggestive themes, crude humor, minimal blood, simulated gambling, and/or infrequent use of unanimous language. MATURE 491Titles rated M ( mature) have content that may be suitable for persons ages 17 and older. Titles in this category may contain intense violence, blood and gore, intimate content and/or strong language. RATING PENDING 149 Titles listed as RP (Rating Pending) have been submitted to the ESRB and are awaiting final rating. (This symbol appears only in advertising prior to a games release. ) Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches The ten most common hardware malfunctions and glitches for the Xbox 360 are as follow * 3 red flashing lights, also known as Red Ring of Death * Open tray and/or disc error messages * No video or only audio videodis c laser exchange * videodisc drive replacement * System freezes, dotted video or similar issues * 1 red light, E74 * 2 red lights * Stuck DVD tray * White cover version Most of these issues must be dealt with by professionals and will be costly. Self-repair is a possibility, but is not recommended. Most systems run into issues eventually, but the Xbox runs into hardware problems more much than the other options. Movie-Playing Features The Xbox 360 is capable of playing the following types of multimedia discs (list does not include Blu-Ray) * Xbox 360 Discs * Xbox 1 Discs * DVDs * CDs * DVD-R * DVD+R * DVD-RW * DVD+RW * CD-R CD-RW * Dual Discs Nintendos Wii Cost $149. 99 includes one remote controller, one conical buoy chuck controller, one wheel controller, one sensor bar, and Mario Kart for Wii. Hardware Specification The following table shows vital hardware specifications that are important to your gaming preferences. Table 1. 3 Wii Hardware Specification * Media Type * gimc rack Memory Card, * Nintendo Wii Disc, * Nintendo GameCube Disc * CPU * 729 MHzIBM PowerPC Broadway * Internal Memory * 512 MB * RAM * 512 MB * Online Services * Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, WiiConnect24, * Online Multi-Player Services * Yes Connector Types (4 pin USB Type A),4 x Game controller,Component video output,Composite video output,S-Video output,2 x USB * Games Offered The following table shows how many Wii games are offered in your three most preferred genres. Table 1. 4 Wii Total Games in Preferred Genres Genre Titles Available Action 593 Role-Playing 33 Strategy 32 Also, see the graphics and information in the section Microsofts Xbox 360 Games Offered. Target Demographic The target demographic of the Nintendo Wii is most easily identified and quantified by looking at the ESRB ratings of the most popular game titles.The following is a list of the number of Wii titles offered for each ESRB game rating. EVERYONE 916 Titles rated E (Everyone) have content that may be suita ble for ages 6 and older. Titles in this category may contain minimal cartoon, fantasy or mild violence and/or infrequent use of mild language. EVERYONE 10+ 355 Titles rated E10+ (Everyone 10 and older) have content that may be suitable for ages 10 and older. Titles in this category may contain more cartoon, fantasy or mild violence, mild language and/or minimal suggestive themes. TEEN 374Titles rated T (Teen) have content that may be suitable for ages 13 and older. Titles in this category may contain violence, suggestive themes, crude humor, minimal blood, simulated gambling, and/or infrequent use of strong language. MATURE 57 Titles rated M (Mature) have content that may be suitable for persons ages 17 and older. Titles in this category may contain intense violence, blood and gore, sexual content and/or strong language. RATING PENDING 61 Titles listed as RP (Rating Pending) have been submitted to the ESRB and are awaiting final rating. This symbol appears only in advertising p rior to a games release. ) Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches Three common hardware malfunctions and Glitches for the Wii console are as follows * Power Supply Issue * WiConnect 24 Issue * Dual seam Wii Disc Problem All of these minor issues are covered by warranty and do not occur on the same scale as other video gaming system. The most common issue relating to the Wii system occurs when an excess of light interferes with the Wii Remote. Movie-Playing Features The Nintendo Wii is only capable of playing Wii and GameCube discs and does ot support the playing of DVD or Blu-Ray Discs. Sonys Playstation 3 Cost $299. 99 Includes access to the Playstation Network at no charge, one hundred sixtyGB harddrive, and one wireless controller. Hardware Specification The following table shows vital hardware specifications that are important to your gaming preferences. Table 1. 5 Playstation 3 Hardware Specificaton * Media Type * Blu-Ray * CPU * 3. 2 GHz IBM Cell broadband Engine (8-co re) * Internal Memory * 160 GB HDD * RAM * 256 MB XDRAM * Online Services * Playstation Network * Online Multi-Player Services * Yes Connector Types 2 x USB,1 x Ethernet,1 x HDMI output,1 x PlayStation 3 AV output,1 x SPDIF output * Games Offered The following table shows how many Playstation 3 games are offered in your three most preferred genres. Table 1. 6 Playstation 3 Total Games in Preferred Genres Genre Titles Available Action 536 Role-Playing 117 Strategy 33 Also, see the graphics and information in the section Microsofts Xbox 360 Games Offered. Target Demographic The target demographic of the Playstation 3 is most easily identified and quantified by looking at the ESRB ratings of the most popular game titles.The following is a list of the number of Playstation 3 titles offered for each ESRB game rating. EVERYONE 481 Titles rated E (Everyone) have content that may be suitable for ages 6 and older. Titles in this category may contain minimal cartoon, fantasy or mild violen ce and/or infrequent use of mild language. EVERYONE 10+ 186 Titles rated E10+ (Everyone 10 and older) have content that may be suitable for ages 10 and older. Titles in this category may contain more cartoon, fantasy or mild violence, mild language and/or minimal suggestive themes. TEEN 529 Titles rated T (Teen) have content that may be suitable for ages 13 and older.Titles in this category may contain violence, suggestive themes, crude humor, minimal blood, simulated gambling, and/or infrequent use of strong language. MATURE 373 Titles rated M (Mature) have content that may be suitable for persons ages 17 and older. Titles in this category may contain intense violence, blood and gore, sexual content and/or strong language. RATING PENDING 145 Titles listed as RP (Rating Pending) have been submitted to the ESRB and are awaiting final rating. (This symbol appears only in advertising prior to a games release. ) Common Hardware Malfunctions and GlitchesThe five most common Playstati on 3 hardware malfunctions and glitches are as follows * Yellow light of death (3 red light beeps) * Not reading games/blu-rays * No video * Stuck discs * No power Doing self-repair is very difficult on the Playstation 3 is highly discouraged. Most of these issues are not easy fixes and require the replacement of key components. Movie-Playing Features The Playstation 3 is capable of playing the following types of multimedia discs (list includes Blu-Ray) * Playstation 1,2, and 3 Discs * Blu-Ray Discs * DVDs * CDs * DVD-R * DVD+R * DVD-RW DVD+RW * CD-R * CD-RW * Dual Discs RESULTS Comparing Costs The following table shows your three options with their prices and a ranking ground on affordability. Table 1. 7 Comparing Costs Option Cost Ranking (1-Best Option) Microsofts Xbox 360 $199. 99 2 Nintendos Wii $149. 99 1 Sonys Playstation 3 $299. 99 3 take up OPTION All Because you have already identified that your spending limit is $700 for a gaming setup, none of these options go against your cost preference. Cost is not a preventative factor in purchasing a video gaming system based on this information.However, if you steady down that you would like to readjust your spending limit given the substantial difference between your limit and the prices of the systems, the Wii is your best option. Comparing Hardware Specifications The table below lists the hardware specifications for each option, and also includes the online capabilities of each system and their respective interlockings. Table 1. 8 Comparing Hardware Specifications Options Hardware Specification Xbox 360 Wii Playstation 3 * * Media Type * * DVD * * Flash Memory Card, * Nintendo Wii Disc, * Nintendo GameCube Disc * * Blu-Ray * * CPU * * 3. GHz PowerPC Tri-Core Xenon * * 729 MHzIBM PowerPC Broadway * * 3. 2 GHz IBM Cell Broadband Engine (8-core) * * Internal Memory * * 4 GB Flash * * 512 MB * * 160 GB HDD * * RAM * * 512 MB * * 512 MB * * 256 MB XDRAM * * Online Services * * Xbox Live * * Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, WiiConnect24, * * Playstation Network * * Online Multi-Player Services * * Yes * * Yes * * Yes * * Connector Types 1 x AV cable port,5 x USB 2. , 1 x Kinect port,1 x HDMI output1 x SPDIF output,1 x Ethernet (4 pin USB Type A),4 x Game controller,Component video output,Composite video output,S-Video output,2 x USB 2 x USB,1 x Ethernet,1 x HDMI output,1 x PlayStation 3 AV output,1 x SPDIF output * Ranking 1 3 2 BEST OPTION Microsofts Xbox 360 Because your preference is to play online Role-Playing Games, the focus of the hardware specification criterion has to be online capabilities. When it comes to online game-play, Xbox 360 has the technical specifications to make it the best option.One of the most important specifications in a system is its processor speed. The Xbox 360 boasts a 3. 2GHz PowerPC Tri-Core Xenon processor, which is the same speed as the Playstation 3, but far superior to the Wii. When it comes to intense online game play with potentially dozens of other pl ayers, it is important to have a processor that can keep up. To keep the whole system running smoothly and minimize shut up time, it is also important to have a substantial amount of RAM. The Xbox 360 and Playstation 3 have 512 MB or RAM, while the Wii only has 256 MB.At this point, the Xbox and Playstation 3 are close to equal in terms of specifications that lean toward online gaming. What really pushes the Xbox 360 in the lead is their network Xbox Live. As of 2011, Xbox Live has over 30 million users worldwide. Most of the games that are played on the Xbox Live network are adapt toward your gaming preference of Role-Playing and Adventure games. However, due to the massive size of the network and the sheer number of users, even a less popular category like Strategy is available for multi-player gaming.According to Michael McNeilly, an experienced Xbox 360 online gamer, There is really nothing like the Xbox Live network out there. The network for PS3 is okay, but it isnt nearly as big and has a lot of bugs that still havent been worked out. Michael Mcneilly has played all of the other systems extensively, but due to his love for online gaming, he chose the Xbox 360. Ralph Jones, an wishful Wii owner and player, explained to me that he really has no need to play online. He mostly enjoys the physical constitution of the Wiis gameplay, and doubts that the Wii is even capable of serious online gaming.According to Kyle Johnson, an avid gamer and owner of all three options, the Wii is not a competitive option in terms of online gaming. When asked about the Playstation 3 and its online gaming community, Kyle explained that there is a causality that the Playstation Network does not have a subscription fee. It is not adequate when compared to Xbox Live, and the number of users sometimes makes it hard to play the less popular games online. Clearly, the Xbox 360 offers the best of both worlds. It has a massive online gaming community and also boasts a powerful 3. GHz processor. With processor speed and RAM that are equal to the Playstation 3 and far superior to the Wii, the Xbox Live community is what gives the Xbox 360 the top ranking and makes it the best option in terms of hardware specification. Comparing Games Offered Table 1. 9 lists a calculated average of the two figures previously provided in graphs 1. 1, 1. 2, and 1. 3. These figures were mean game-review scores of all games in three genres, and mean scores of the top-five best-selling games for the three genres. Table 1. 9 Comparing Games Offered pt. 1 OptionsGenre Xbox 360 Wii Playstation 3 Role-Playing Games 79. 4 72. 7 71. 75 Adventure Games 76. 1 76. 7 77. 9 Platformer Games 76. 2 72. 2 76. 2 Ranking 1 3 2 Table 1. 10 shows how many games are available for each system in your most preferred genre Role-Playing Games. Table 1. 10 Comparing Games Offered pt. 2 Options Genre Xbox 360 Wii Playstation 3 Role-Playing Games 108 33 117 Ranking 2 3 1 BEST OPTION Microsofts Xbox 360 B ased on the averages found for all five relevant genres, the Xbox 360 is the best option for the Games Offered criterion.Even though the Playstation 3 has a slightly higher(prenominal) total number of Role-Playing Games available for sale, it does not outweigh the fact that the Xbox 360 scored significantly higher on overall game-review scores. It is generally more important to have higher-rated games than a greater quantity of lower-rated games. For this reason, the Xbox 360 is the best choice for the Games Offered criterion. Comparing Target Demographic Table 1. 11 displays your three options and the total number of ratings received for each rating category out of all games available for each system. Table 1. 11 Comparing Target Demographic Options (Number of Ratings) Rating Microsofts Xbox 360 Nintendos Wii Sony Playstation 3 Everyone 303 916 481 Everyone 10+ 213 355 186 Teen 535 374 529 Mature 491 57 373 Rating Pending 145 61 145 Ranking 1 3 2 BEST OPTION Microsofts Xbox 360 Ba sed on all of the games available for each gaming system, the Xbox 360 has the most games with ratings in the Mature and Teen categories. Since you, Pascal, are an adult and prefer the types of games that are most commonly rated Teen and Mature, the Xbox 360 gets the top rank for the Target Demographic criterion.Sonys Playstation 3 comes in second with a comparable number of games in the Teen and Mature rating categories, but they are not quite as high as the Xbox 360. Nintendos Wii has least number of ratings in each of those categories. The Wii has a staggeringly low number of games in the Mature category at 57, and roughly 150 less games in the Teen category than the Xbox 360 and Playstation 3. This makes it clear that the Xbox 360 is geared toward an adult audience, and will likely have more games that suit the preferences of an adult. The Playstation 3 is a close second, but still offers significantly less games in the Mature category.The Wii seems to be geared toward a younger , less mature audience, and will likely have the least number of games that will fit your preferences. With all of this considered, it is clear that the Xbox 360 is the best option for the Target Demographic criterion. Comparing Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches Table 1. 11 shows all of the common hardware malfunctions and glitches for each option. This table also assigns a ranking (1 being the system with the overall least severe hardware problems relative to the other options). Table 1. 12 Comparing Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches Options Microsofts Xbox 360 Nintendos Wii Sonys Playstation 3 Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches *Complete System Crash Red Ring of Death*Basic Hardware Failure (eg. DVD tray and laser failure) *Power Supply Issue*WiConnect24 Issue*Dual-Layer Wi Disc Failure *Complete System Crash Yellow Lights of Death Ranking 2 1 3 BEST OPTION Nintendos Wii Based on this table and other research, I have identified Nintendos Wii as your best o ption for the Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches criterion. Even though the Wii does run into problems occasionally, they are rarely as severe as they are with the other options.All of the problems listed for the Wii are covered by warranty and are not worthy of complete system replacement. Alternatively, the Xbox 360 and Playstation 3 both commonly run into full system crashes, which render the system unusable. Kyle Johnson, an avid gamer and owner of all three options, has never run into a problem with his Wii, but has experienced full system crashes on both his Xbox 360 and Playstation 3. The only reason the Xbox 360 is ranked higher than the Playstation 3 is because self-repair on the Playstation 3 is strongly discouraged.Kyle Johnson and Michael McNeilly have both performed minor repairs on their Xbox 360s, but have never dared to open up their Playstation 3s. With all things considered, Nintendos Wii is the best option for the Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches c riterion. Comparing Movie-Playing Features Table 1. 13 below shows all of the media discs played by each option, and whether or not that option satisfies your preference of having a built-in Blu-Ray player. Table 1. 13 Comparing Movie-Playing Features Options Xbox 360 Wii Playstation 3Media Discs Played * Xbox 360 Discs * Xbox 1 Discs * DVDs * CDs * DVD-R * DVD+R * DVD-RW * DVD+RW * CD-R * CD-RW * Dual Discs * Wii Discs * GameCube Discs * Playstation 1,2, and 3 Discs * Blu-Ray Discs * DVDs * CDs * DVD-R * DVD+R * DVD-RW * DVD+RW * CD-R * CD-RW * Dual Discs Satisfies Preference? No No Yes Ranking 2 3 1 BEST OPTION Sonys Playstation 3 Based on the media discs that each option offers, Sonys Playstation 3 is the obvious choice for the top rank in the Movie-Playing Features criterion.The Playstation 3 is capable of playing both DVDs and Blu-Rays, while the Xbox 360 is only capable of playing DVDs. The Nintendo Wii, however, cannot even play DVDs. Because you have identified that you prefer a video gaming system that has a built-in Blu-Ray player, the Playstation 3 is the best option for the Movie-Playing Features criterion. CONCLUSIONS Table 1. 14 lists the rankings of each of the six evaluative criteria used throughout this report. In order to come to an overall conclusion as to which option to select, I have assigned reversed point values to the previously determined rankings.If, for instance, an option received a ranking of 1, it would be cherished a 3. A ranking of 2 receives a value of 2, and a ranking of 3 is valued a 1. The total number of points will be shown at the bottom of the table along with the final ranking. The video gaming system with the highest number of points will be ranked as 1 and will be your best option. Table 1. 14 Overall Ranking Options Evaluative Criteria Xbox 360 Wii Playstation 3 Cost 1 1 1 Hardware Specification 1 3 2 Games Offered 1 3 2 Target Demographic 1 3 2Common Hardware Malfunctions and Glitches 2 1 3 Movie-Playing Feat ures 2 3 1 Total Points 16 10 13 Overall Ranking 1 3 2 RECOMMENDATIONS It has been determined that Microsofts Xbox 360 is the best option, and I would like to recommend to you several retailers where it is available for purchase. The price is universal when bought new, but may transfer depending on bundling and other promotions. I have prepared a table showing three popular retailers, the nearest location, and the price of the Xbox 360 4GB system. Table 1. 15 Retail Locations and PriceRetailers and Locations Price GameStop(425) 895-833116475 NE 74TH STRedmond, WA 98052 $199. 99 Target(425) 482-641013950 NE 178th PlWoodinville, WA 98072 $199. 99 Walmart(425) 741-94451400 164Th St SwLynnwood, WA 98087 $199. 99 Throughout my research I began to realize that the final outcome would depend heavily on how much any criterion was valued. Based on your personal preferences, the best choice is the Xbox 360. However, if you decided that you valued having a Blu-Ray player above everything else , then the Playstation 3 would be the best option.If you decided that the only way to play Role-Playing Games was to use a remote and a nun chuck, then the Wii would be the best choice. It all depends on the valuing of any particular criterion. If you are interested in doing further research, the bibliography lists all sources used. My personal interviewees may be available if you would like to ask them questions, and all of my other sources have a variety of useful and reliable information. Based on everything I have well-educated from this report and my personal experience with the system, I believe that the Xbox 360 is the best choice for a video gaming system.Bibliography Console at Nintendo Wii. Nintendo Wii Console. Web. 07 Aug. 2011. Dotree, Phil. 3 Common Wii skillful Problems. Associated Content from Yahoo Associatedcontent. com. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. ESRB Ratings Guide and Definitions. Entertainment Software Rating Board. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. How to Fix Common Xbox 360 P roblems Same solar day Repairs, Low Prices. Same-day Xbox Repair. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. Johnson, Kyle. Owns All Three Options, Personal interview. 29 July 2011. Jones, Ralph. Wii Owner, Personal interview. 30 July 2011. McNeilly, Michael. Xbox 360 Owner, Personal Interview. 0 July 2011. Microsoft Xbox 360 Slim Specs (4GB) Consoles CNET Reviews. crossing Reviews Electronics Reviews, estimator Reviews more CNET Reviews. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. Nintendo Wii Specs (original, Wii Sports Bundle) Consoles CNET Reviews. Product Reviews Electronics Reviews, Computer Reviews More CNET Reviews. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. PlayStation 3 160 GB System. PlayStation PS3. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. Playstation 3 Search GameStop. Games for PS3. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. Sony PlayStation 3 Slim Specs (160GB) Consoles CNET Reviews. Product Reviews Electronics Reviews, Computer Reviews & More CNET Reviews. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. Towell Justin, Games Radar UK, Which console does best and worst in each genre? 09 Aug. 2011. Wii Search GameStop. Games for Wii. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. Xbox 360 4GB Console Xbox. com. Xbox 360 Official Site Xbox. com. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. Xbox 360 Game Search GameStop. Games for Xbox 360. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. 1 . Xbox 360 4GB Console Xbox. com. Xbox 360 Official Site Xbox. com. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. 2 . Microsoft Xbox 360 Slim Specs (4GB) Consoles CNET Reviews. Product Reviews Electronics Reviews, Computer Reviews & More CNET Reviews. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 3 . Xbox 360 Game Search GameStop. Games for Xbox 360. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 4 . Towell Justin, Games Radar UK, Which console does best and worst in each genre? 09 Aug. 2011. 5 . Towell 6 . Towell 7 . Towell 8 . Towell 9 . Towell 10 . GameStop 11 . GameStop 12 . ESRB Ratings Guide and Definitions. Entertainment Software Rating Board. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 13 .Xbox 360 Game Search GameStop 14 . ESRB 15 . Xbox 360 Game Search GameStop 16 . ESRB 17 . Xbox 360 Game Search GameStop 18 . ESRB 19 . Gamestop Xbox 360 Search 20 . ESRB 21 . How to Fix Common Xbox 360 Problems Same Day Repairs, Low Prices. Same-day Xbox Repair. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 22 . Johnson, Kyle. Owns All Three Options, Personal interview. 29 July 2011. 23 . Johnson 24 . Johnson 25 . Console at Nintendo Wii. Nintendo Wii Console. Web. 07 Aug. 2011. . 26 . Nintendo Wii Specs (original, Wii Sports Bundle) Consoles CNET Reviews. Product Reviews Electronics Reviews, Computer Reviews & More CNET Reviews. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 27 . Wii Search GameStop. Games for Wii. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 28 . Towell 29 . Wii Search GameStop 30 . Wii Search GameStop 31 . ESRB 32 . Wii Search GameStop 33 . ESRB 34 . Wii Search GameStop 35 . ESRB 36 . Wii Search GameStop 37 . ESRB 38 . Xbox 360 Game Search GameStop 39 . ESRB 40 . Dotree, Phil. 3 Common Wii Technical Problems. Associated Content from Yahoo Associatedcontent. com. Web. 4 Aug. 2011. . 41 . Dotree 42 . Jones, Ralph. Wii Ow ner, Personal interview, 30 July 2011. 43 . Jones 44 . PlayStation 3 160 GB System. PlayStation PS3. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 45 . Sony PlayStation 3 Slim Specs (160GB) Consoles CNET Reviews. Product Reviews Electronics Reviews, Computer Reviews & More CNET Reviews. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 46 . Playstation 3 Search GameStop. Games for PS3. Web. 04 Aug. 2011. . 47 . Towell 48 . Playstation 3 Search GameStop 49 . Playstation 3 Search GameStop 50 . ESRB 51 . Playstation 3 Search GameStop 52 . ESRB 53 . Playstation 3 Search GameStop 54 . ESRB 55 . Playstation 3 Search GameStop 56 . ESRB 57 . Playstation 3 Search GameStop 58 . ESRB 59 . How to Fix Common Xbox 360 Problems 60 . Johnson 61 . Johnson 62 . Johnson 63 . Johnson 64 . McNeilly, Michael. Xbox 360 Owner, Personal Interview. 30 July 2011. 65 . Johnson 66 . Johnson 67 . McNeilly 68 . Jones 69 . Jones 70 . Johnson 71 . Johnson 72 . Johnson 73 . Johnson 74 . Johnson, McNeilly

Milpa Agriculture vs. Industrial Agriculture Essay

The Milpa cultivation and industrial husbandry set out many similarities and differences. Milpa tillage is a form of swidden agriculture that is practiced in Mesoamerica. Traditional Milpa is riged with maize, beans, and corn. Industrial agriculture is a modern faming that produces a life stock, poultry, and crops. The methods that industrial agriculture substance abuse to techno scientific, economic, and political. In Milpa agriculture some farmers use a coa stick in order to plan their crops and industrial farming the farmers use different machines.Industrial agriculture makes their job easier and faster by using the machines and technology. In Milpa agriculture is the solely opposite thing they dont use technology in order to grow their crops it takes them long-term to plant their crops by using simple method and one of the methods is the coa stick. Milpa agriculture has more(prenominal) than one plant such as maize, beans, and squash. Industrial agriculture only focuses on one plant.For example if industrial agriculture wants to grow maize they focus only in that specific plant that is being planted. Milpa is customsal in Mesoamerica. What I mean by this is that when milpa is planted in Mesoamerica is passed down in the family generations. Mesoamericans try to keep their tradition of planting milpa. In industrial agriculture is not really traditional to pass it down into their families for the most part it is done because of the money. Industrial agriculture uses lots of pesticides in order to keep their crops from danger.By using pesticides they wont lose lots of their crops. Milpa agriculture doesnt really depone on the use of pesticides. Milpa agriculture does have the advantage of losing crops because they dont use pesticides. Thats the reason in milpa agriculture more than one crop is incorporated at the same time they have the other crops to rely on not just on the maize. If industrial agriculture loses all their crops they wont have anyth ing to rely on because they only focus on growing on type of crops.